Africans Before Columbus

Dark CIVILIZATIONS OF ANCIENT AMERICA (MUU-LAN), MEXICO (XI) Gigantic stone head of Negritic African The most punctual individuals in the Americas were individuals of the Negritic African race, who entered the Americas maybe as right on time as 100,000 years prior, by method of the bering straight and around thirty thousand years back in an overall sea undertaking that included excursions from the then wet and lake filled Sahara towards the Indian Ocean and the Pacific, and from West Africa over the Atlantic Ocean towards the Americas.According to the Gladwin Thesis, this antiquated excursion happened, especially around 75,000 years prior and included Black Pygmies, Black Negritic people groups and Black Australoids like the Aboriginal Black individuals of Australia and parts of Asia, including India. Old African earthenware pictures 1000 B. C. to 500 B. C. Ongoing disclosures in the field of etymology and different techniques have appeared no ifs, ands or buts, that the antiquated O lmecs of Mexico, known as the Xi People, came initially from West Africa and were of the Mende African ethnic stock.According to Clyde A. Winters and different journalists (see Clyde A. Winters site), the Mende content was found on a portion of the old Olmec landmarks of Mexico and were seen as indistinguishable from exactly the same content utilized by the Mende individuals of West Africa. Despite the fact that the carbon fourteen testing date for the nearness of the Black Olmecs or Xi People is around 1500 B. C. , journies to the Mexico and the Southern United States may have originated from West Africa a lot prior, especially around 5,000 years before Christ.That end depends on the finding of an African local cotton that was found in North America. It's just conceivable way of showing up where it was found needed to have experienced human hands. At that period in West African history and even previously, human advancement was in full sprout in the Western Sahara in what is today Mauritania. Probably the most punctual human advancement, the Zingh Empire, existed and may have lived in what was a lake filled, wet and rich Sahara, where ships mismatched from spot to place.ANCIENT AFRICAN KINGDOMS PRODUCED OLMEC TYPE CULTURES The old realms of West Africa which involved the Coastal woodland belt from Cameroon to Guinea had exchanging associations with different Africans going back to ancient occasions. Be that as it may, by 1500 B. C. , these old realms exchanged along the Ivory Coast, yet with the Phoenicians and different people groups. They extended their exchange to the Americas, where the proof for an antiquated African nearness is overwhelming.The realms which came to be known by Arabs and Europeans during the Middle Ages were at that point settled when quite a bit of Western Europe was as yet possessed by Celtic clans. By the fifth Century B. C. , the Phoenicians were running comercial boats to a few West African realms. During that period, iron had been being used for around one thousand years and earthenware workmanship was being delivered at an extraordinary degree of craftsmanship. Stone was additionally being cut with naturalistic flawlessness and later, bronze was being utilized to make different apparatuses and instruments, just as perfectly naturalistic works of art.The old West African seaside and inside Kingdoms involved a region that is presently secured with thick vegetation yet may have been cleared around three to 4,000 years back. This incorporates the areas from the banks of West Africa toward the South, as far as possible inland to the Sahara. Various enormous realms and domains existed here. As per Blisshords Communications, perhaps the most established domain and civilizions on earth existed only north of the beach front locales into what is today Mauritania.It was known as the Zingh Empire and was exceptionally best in class. Indeed, they were the first to utilize the red, dark and green African banner and to pla nt it all through their domain all over Africa and the world. The Zingh Empire existed around fifteen thousand years prior. The main different human advancements that may have been in existance at that period in history were the Ta-Seti development of what became Nubia-Kush and the legendary Atlantis progress which may have existed out in the Atlantic, off the bank of West Africa around ten to fifteen thousand years ago.That leaves the inquiry with regards to whether there was a connection between the ancient Zingh Empire of West Africa and the development of Atlantis, regardless of whether the Zingh Empire was really Atlantis, or whether Atlantis in the event that it existed was a piece of the Zingh realm. Was Atlantis, the exceptionally innovatively modern development an expansion of Black human advancement in the Meso-America and different pieces of the Americas? Stone cutting of a Shaman or minister from Columbia's San Agustine CultureAn antiquated West African Oni or King holdi ng comparable curios as the San Agustine culture stone cutting of a Shaman The above old stone carvings (500 t0 1000 B. C. ) of Shamans of Priest-Kings unmistakably show particular similitudes in instruments held and reason. The reasonable cutting of an African lord or Oni and the stone cutting of a shaman from Columbia's San Agustin Culture shows dissemination of African strict practices to the Americas. Indeed, the locale of Columbia and Panama were among the principal puts that Blacks were spotted by the main Spanish wayfarers to the Americas.From the archeological proof accumulated both in West Africa and Meso-America, there is motivation to accept that the African Negritics who established or impacted the Olmec development originated from West Africa. Not exclusively do the collosol Olmec stone heads look like Black Africans from the Ghana zone, yet the antiquated strict acts of the Olmec ministers was like that of the West Africans, which included shamanism, the investigation of the Venus complex which was a piece of the customs of the Olmecs just as the Ono and Dogon People of West Africa.The language association is of critical significance, since it has been discovered through decipherment of the Olmec content, that the old Olmecs communicated in the Mende language and wrote in the Mend content, which is as yet utilized in parts of West Africa and the Sahara right up 'til today. Old TRADE BETWEEN THE AMERICAS AND AFRICA The most punctual exchange and business exercises among ancient and antiquated Africa and the Americas may have happened from West Africa and may have included delivery and travel over the Atlantic.The history of West Africa has never been appropriately inquired about. However, there is sufficient proof to show that West Africa of 1500 B. C. was at a degree of human progress moving toward that of old Egypt and Nubia-Kush. Indeed, there were similitudes between the way of life of Nubia and West Africa, even to the very likenesses between the littler scaled hard block earth internment pyramids worked for West African Kings at Kukia in pre Christian Ghana and their partners in Nubia, Egypt and Meso-America.Although West Africa isn't ordinarily known for having a culture of pyramid-building, such a culture existed in spite of the fact that pyramids were made for the entombment of lords and were made of solidified block. This style of pyramid building was nearer to what was worked by the Olmecs in Mexico when the primary Olmec pyramids were manufactured. Truth be told, they were not worked of stone, yet of solidified mud and smaller earth. In any case, despite the fact that we don't see pyramids of stone transcending the ground in West Africa, like those of Egypt, Nubia or Mexico, or enormous abilisks, collosal landmarks and structures of Nubian and Khemitic or Meso-American civilization.The reality remains, they existed in West Africa for a littler scope and were shipped to the Americas, where conditions, for example, a domain increasingly cordial to building and liberated from disservices, for example, jungle fever and the tsetse fly, made it a lot simpler to expand on a more fabulous scale. Meso-American pyramid with ventured appearance, worked around 2500 years back Stepped Pyramid of Sakkara, Egypt, worked more than 4,000 years prior, contrast with Meso-American pyramid Large scope building undertakings, for example, monuent and pyramid building was in all likelihood conveyed to the Americas by a similar West Africans who built up the Olmec or Xi progress in Mexico.Such exercises would have happened especially if there was a sorry hinderance and deterrent to huge, momentous structure and development as there was in the woods and intestinal sickness zones of West Africa. However, when the area of antiquated Ghana and Mauritania is firmly analyzed, proof of enormous ancient towns, for example, Kukia and others just as different landmarks to an incredible development existed and keep on existin g at a littler level than Egypt and Nubia, yet noteworthy enough to show an immediate association with Mexico's Olmec civilization.The similitudes among Olmec and West African human advancement incorporates racial, strict and pyramid bilding likenesses, just as the similitudes in their letters in order and contents just as the two societies communicating in the indistinguishable Mende language, which was once far reaching in the Sahara and was spread as far East as Dravidian India in ancient occasions just as the South Pacific. During the early long stretches of West African exchange with the Americas, business sailors made continuous journeys over the Atlantic.In certainty, the oral history of a custom of nautical between the Americas and Africa is a piece of the historical backdrop of the Washitaw People, a native Black country who were the first occupants of the Mississippi Valley area, the previous Louisiana Territories and parts of the Southern United States. As per their oral conventions, their antiquated boats jumbled the Atlantic Ocean among Africa and the Americas on missions of exchange and business.. A portion of the boats utilized during the old occasions, maybe sooner than 7000 B.C. (which is the date given for cavern works of art of the drawings and artistic creations of pontoons in the now evaporated Sahara desert) are like boats utilized in parts of Africa today. These boats were either made of

Overview of the Synoptic Problem Essay Example For Students

Outline of the Synoptic Problem Essay Should one completely peruse the initial four Gospels of the New Testament, the person in question can discover numerous comparable examples of writing and topics managing a lot of tender loving care and study. This is what somebody, for example, Merriam Webster would characterize as the Synoptic Gospels.So, what are and how might we clarify the distinctions and likenesses among brief creators Matthew, Mark, Luke, and the gospel, John? Which Book was composed first? What exactly degree did the Evangelists rely upon oral custom, composed sources, or one another? The marvel and riddle of these comparable yet exceptional Synoptic Gospels has for quite a long time tested probably the best personalities of the scholarly world and the congregation, working up a lot of insightful discussion; confounding numerous New Testament Survey understudies. To totally comprehend the likenesses and contrasts between these Synoptic Gospels we should initially be familiar with the creators of them; we should recognize a mind-blowing foundation, scholarly capabilities, encounters, writing styles, and occupations. We should likewise pose the inquiries: Who? What? When? Where? Why? How?The first significant inquiry Id like to present is: Who? Who were these writers that tested our hearts and minds and showed us Jesus life, services, and importance?The first book of the New Testament is Matthew. It was composed by the creator, Matthew, to outline plainly that the King has shown up. Matthew, a Jew, was proficient. He was a loathed charge authority who later transformed him and lived totally for Jesus and got one of His twelve pupils. Matthew guided this Gospel to his kindred Jews c.60-65 A.D. to demonstrate that Jesus is the Messiah and to clarify Gods realm that He holds available for the entirety of man. The Jews hung tight for a pioneer who had been guaranteed hundreds of years before by prophets. They accepted that this chief the Messiah (blessed one)- would safeguard them from their Roman oppressors and set up another realm. As their ruler, he would run the world with equity. Nonetheless, numerous Jews disregarded predictions that likewise talked about this lord as an enduring worker who might be dismissed and executed. It is no big surprise, at that point, that couple of perceived Jesus as the Messiah. How could this modest woodworkers child from Nazareth be their lord, they thought.But Jesus was the King of all the earth, and it was Matthew (Levi) who took it upon himself (however not the only one) to get the message out. Matthew utilized around 1475 words, 137 of which are words utilized by only him of all the New Testament essayists. Of these last 76 are old style; 15 were presented just because by Matthew, or if nothing else he was the principal author in whom they were found; 8 words were utilized just because by Matthew and Mark, and 15 others by Matthew and another New Testament essayist. It is likely that, at the hour of the Evangelist, every one of these words were in current use. Matthews Gospel contains numerous impossible to miss articulations that help to give concluded shading to his style. Along these lines, he utilizes thirty-four times the articulation basileia ton ouranon; this is never found in Mark and Luke, who, in equal sections, supplant it by basileia tou thou, which likewise happens multiple times in Matthew. Matthew starts his record by giving Jesus lineage. He at that point recounts Jesus birth and early years, including the break to Egypt from the deadly Herod and their arri val to Nazareth. As you read this Gospel, Matthews message sounds unmistakably: Jesus is the Christ, the King of rulers and Lord of rulers. The message of Mark was composed c.55-65 A.D. furthermore, was presumably the principal Gospel to be composed. It was printed to urge Roman Christians to live nearer and steadier to God and to demonstrate without question that Jesus is Messiah. He looked to uncover the genuine individual, work, and lessons of Jesus Christ. Imprint presents a quick progression of striking pictures of Jesus in real life His actual personality uncovered by what He does, not really by what He says. It is Jesus progressing. Overlooking the introduction of Jesus, Mark starts with John the Baptists lecturing. At that point, moves rapidly Jesus submersion, allurement in the desert, and call of the followers. Imprint takes us legitimately into Jesus open service. Occasions moved quickly toward a peak. The Last Supper, the treachery, the torturous killing, and the revival are drastically depicted, alongside more instances of Jesus lessons. Through Marks special style of composing, we see Jesus-moving, serving, relinquishing, and sparing. Character Analysis-Tell Tale Heart EssaySome individuals question, be that as it may, if there is even a succinct issue by any stretch of the imagination. It has as of late been solicited in the title from a provocative and disputable book by Eta Linnemann, (1992), who deficiencies numerous course readings for accepting that the interrelationship among the concise accounts is narrative as opposed to oral before building up that recommendation. These are questions that may never be totally replied by people in the tissue, however later on in Heaven. The words written in the Bible must be analyzed cautiously, in any case, with the goal that we may show signs of improvement comprehension of the significance of their works. For example, your model you so utilized in class about the bank and how it might be deciphered numerous ways, so are the Words of God. However, researchers and literates may not generally be right. That is the reason God leaves it to us to decide the importance of the Bible. So be it, and God favor you. Bibliography:Wenham 1992 John Wenham, Redating Matthew, Mark Luke: A Fresh Assault on the Synoptic Problem (Downers Grove, Ill.: Intervarsity, 1992). Robertson 1992A.T. Robertson, M.A., D.D., LL.D., LITT.D, A Harmony of the Gospels for Students of the Life of Christ (Harper Row, Publishers, Incorporated, 1992)Stevens and Burton 1932William Arnold Stevens and Ernest De Witt Burton, A Harmony of the Gospels for Historical Study (Charles Scribners Sons, New York, 1932)Stonehouse 1963Ned B. Stonehouse, Origins of the Synoptic Gospels, (William B. EerdmansPublishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1963)Heim 1947Ralph D. Heim, A Harmony of the Gospels for Students (Fortress Press, Philadelphia, 1947)Linnemann 1992, ET 1992 Eta Linnemann, English trans. by Robert W. Yarbrough, Is There a Synoptic Problem: Rethinking the Literary Dependence of the First Three Gospels (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Books, 1992). Appleton 1910Robert Appleton, The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume IX (Robert Appleton Company, 1910)Koester 1990 Helmut Koester, Ancient Christian Gospels: Their History and Development (Philadelphia: Trinity Press Intl, 1990). Rancher 1994 William R. Rancher, The Gospel of Jesus: The Pastoral Relevance of the Synoptic Problem (Louisville, Ky.: Westminster/John Knox, 1994).

Parody Book Covers of Famous Classics List List #282

Parody Book Covers of Famous Classics List List #282 Todays List List is sponsored by Renegades by Marissa Meyer. Secret Identities. Extraordinary Powers. She wants vengeance. He wants justice. The Renegades are a syndicate of prodigiesâ€"humans with extraordinary abilitiesâ€"who emerged from the ruins of a crumbled society and established peace and order where chaos reigned. As champions of justice, they remain a symbol of hope and courage to everyone…except the villains they once overthrew. Nova has a reason to hate the Renegades, and she is on a mission for vengeance. As she gets closer to her target, she meets Adrian, a Renegade boy who believes in justiceâ€"and in Nova. But Novas allegiance is to the villains who have the power to end them both. at Bustle, Parody Book Covers Of Famous Classics at DIY Projects, 9 DIY Projects Made From Old Books at Electric Literature, The 11 Worst Brats in Literature at Los Angeles Times, Audiobooks That Are Not to be Missed at Hachette, 15 Books for the Writing Life at Off the Shelf, 11 Books About Liars at Mental Floss, 12 Smart Book Ideas for Everyone in Your Life at Read it Forward, 15 Gifts for Book Lovers from Indie Bookstores at BuzzFeed, YA Books Gift Guide at Kirkus, 10 Forthcoming Science Fiction Novel Adaptations at Brightly, The Best Things About Reading Aloud with Kids at Signature, 4 Things Every Thriller Writer Can Learn From Charlotte’s Web

Introduction to Pop - The History of Soft Drinks

The history of soft drinks can be traced back to the mineral water found in natural springs. Bathing in natural spring water has long been considered a healthy activity, and mineral water was said to have curative powers. Scientists soon discovered that a gas, carbon dioxide, was behind the bubbles in natural mineral water, formed when water dissolves limestone. The first marketed soft drinks (non-carbonated) appeared in the 17th century. They were made from water and lemon juice sweetened with honey. In 1676, the Compagnie de Limonadiers of Paris, France, was granted a monopoly for the sale of lemonade soft drinks. Vendors carried tanks of lemonade on their backs and dispensed cups of the soft drink to thirsty Parisians. Early Inventors In 1767, the first drinkable man-made carbonated water was created by Englishman Joseph Priestley. Three years later, Swedish chemist Torbern Bergman invented a generating apparatus that made carbonated water from chalk using sulfuric acid. Bergmans apparatus allowed imitation mineral water to be produced in large amounts. In 1810, the first United States patent was issued for the means of mass manufacture of imitation mineral waters to Simons and Rundell of Charleston, South Carolina. Carbonated beverages, however, did not achieve great popularity in America until 1832, when John Mathews invented his own apparatus for making carbonated water and mass-manufactured the apparatus for sale to soda fountain owners. Health Properties Drinking either natural or artificial mineral water was considered a healthy practice. American pharmacists selling mineral waters began to add medicinal and flavorful herbs to unflavored mineral water using birch bark, dandelion, sarsaparilla, and fruit extracts. Some historians consider that the first flavored carbonated soft drink was made in 1807 by Dr. Philip Syng Physick of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Early American pharmacies with soda fountains became a popular part of culture. Customers soon wanted to take their health drinks home with them, and a soft drink bottling industry grew from consumer demand. Bottling Industry Over 1,500 U.S. patents were filed either for corks, caps, or lids for carbonated drink bottle tops during the early days of the bottling industry. Carbonated drink bottles are under a lot of pressure from the gas, so inventors sought the best way to prevent the bubbles from escaping. In 1892, the Crown Cork Bottle Seal was patented by William Painter, a Baltimore machine shop operator. It was the first successful method of keeping the bubbles in the bottle. Automatic Production of Glass Bottles In 1899, the first patent was issued for a glass-blowing machine for the automatic production of glass bottles. Earlier bottles had been hand-blown. Four years later, the new bottle-blowing machine was in operation, first by the inventor, Michael Owens, an employee of Libby Glass Co. Within a few years, glass bottle production increased from 1,500 to 57,000 bottles a day. Hom-Paks and Vending Machines During the 1920s, the first Hom-Paks were invented. Hom-Paks are the now-familiar six-pack beverage-carrying cartons made from cardboard. Automatic vending machines also began to appear in the 1920s. The soft drink had become an American mainstay. Other Facts Here are some additional facts about soft drinks and the industry behind them: Soft drinks are called â€Å"soft† because they don’t contain alcohol.Soft drinks are called by many other names. The most popular are soda, pop, coke, soda pop, fizzy drinks, and carbonated beverage.Over 34 billion gallons of soft drinks are sold in over 200 countries each year.The most popular early soda drinks that were invented before end of 19th century are ginger ale, Ice cream soda, root beer, Dr Pepper, Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola.The United States represents 25% of global soft drink market.Sugar-sweetened soft drinks are associated with dental caries, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Source The History of Soft Drinks and Carbonated Beverages.

Personal Statement And Social Responsibility Essay

Some of the important values identified in statements and artifacts of the organization are: respect, accountability, justice, integrity, altruism, compassion, social responsibility, honesty, courage, collaboration, competence, professional behavior, confidentiality, excellence, community building, rituals, and legacy. These values are expressed in agency’s statements and various artifacts. The Vision statement â€Å"All Children Deserve the Best† acknowledges social responsibility and excellence. The Mission statement states, Partnering with parents and community, we provide a strong educational foundation to prepare children for future success expresses collaboration and social responsibility. Agency’s Parent Handbook has all the relevant information for parents to get familiar with the rules, procedures, expectations, and recourses thus articulating accountability as the main value. Classroom Manual assists staff working with children and families, understand the requirements to work with children, families, and staff, thus expressing competency and accountability. Personal Policies discuss values such as fairness, integrity, professional development, staffs benefits, staff hiring process. Code of Professional Conduct requires professional behavior that meets the standards aligned with the NAEYC professional code. The values expressed are respect, honesty, accountability, concern for others, and courage. Confidentiality statement discusses privacy of clients and staff to beShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement On Social Responsibility885 Words   |  4 Pages Scrip Assessment Rhonda Allen L24906389 Professor Lunde Social Responsibility It is our responsibility as educators to teach our students how to be socially responsible adults. â€Å"The ability of the adolescent to identify and define social responsibility is important in defining who they are, where they fit in the social world, and building confidence in their sense of agency.† (Polk, nd) I want my students to be confident in who they are as individuals, my goal will be to nurture andRead MoreAn Analysis of the Invesco Corporate Ethics Statement and Corporate Social Responsibility Statement1149 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis Of The Invesco Corporate Ethics Statement And Corporate Social Responsibility Statement Introduction Invesco (NYSE: IVZ) is one of the worlds leading global investment companies with a diversified portfolio of institutional, retail and high net-work clients that form the foundation of their business model. 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The Destructors and Lord of the Flies Free Essays

The Destructor and the Lord of the Flies Being a successful leader doesn’t mean that you have to be aggressive and to use the power of authority. Both, in the destructor story and Lord of the Flies novel we could find some similarities in the way how the young children managed to be leaders and to achieve what they wanted. In the Lord of the Flies we can find two characters of two young children that used to be leader. We will write a custom essay sample on The Destructors and Lord of the Flies or any similar topic only for you Order Now In one side we had Ralph whose aim was how to escape from the island and in the other side we had Jack whose grief was how to secure food. Ralph was very calm and well educated boy but he had one problem hat he couldn’t managed to have under control Jack. This might be because of lack of knowledge since he was too young. Ralph ideas of taking care about the fire was brilliant, this is because if we have a list of equipment’s that we need to survive in such places in the first place should be a mirror or light that would reflect the light , so that would be a chance for them to be identified from a long distance. Jack character was too aggressive and he wanted to be a leader and to take things under control, but the problem was that he didn’t see any long term solution besides securing food. He was not cooperative with the others and wanted to control situation using his power which in most of cases doesn’t work and this was shown as well since he started to get control in his tribe, some of them lost their lives. In the end of the film we can conclude that Ralph idea that he gave when he took leadership was realized. Soldiers wouldn’t saw them, if there were not any fire on the field. In the Destructor story we can find some other characters of young children. In one side we had Blackleg who was appointed as a leader of a gang with voting but since he didn’t have any new ideas he didn’t manage to keep the leadership. When T comes and he gave his idea he immediately keep leading and he achieved to realize his goal by managing the team by delegating duties to each of them in order to make them all involved. Finally we could say that having a good ideas and being creative and being able to manage and implement in proper way this is how usually works in many cases but you need to have an experience and to be able to keep things under control. In Jacks case he proved that being a leader and using authority and power doesn’t really work and possibilities to fail are more than to win. Shaped. The Destructor and Lord of the Flies By Shipped How to cite The Destructors and Lord of the Flies, Papers

William Shakespeare Essays - Kings Men, William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was born in the Hole Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire on April 23, 1564. He was the first son and third child of John Shakespeare, a leather tanner and a maker of gloves, and Mary Arden Shakespeare. William's parents were married around 1558 and had a total of eight children, three of which died in childhood. William's family had been living in the area of Warwickshire for many years and was respected. William's father was at one time prosperous and elected to municipal offices. He was a member of the Stratford council in 1557 and appointed mayor in 1568. John was not without fault, though, and four times from 1570 to 1572 he faced prosecution for money lending and illegally buying wool. He fell into hard times financially and stopped buying property, went into dept, and even mortgaged part of his wife's inheritance. Despite financial difficulties in the family, the boy William's education was not neglected, and he went to the local school in Stratford. Some scholars questions whether a single could have written all the great literature attributes to Shakespeare, citing his schooling as proof that he was poorly educated, but their assumption is probable false. ( ) The teachers in school the William had attended had degrees from Oxford, and the education that the boy received was likely very good. Exactly what young William did after his years of schooling is not really clear, but we do know that during the winter of 1582, at the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, the eldest daughter of Richard Hathaway. She was 26, much older than her teenage husband, and pregnant by him. BURNS2 The church announcement of the marriage was waived on November 28, 1582 and less than six months later their first child, Susanna, was baptized in Stratford church on May 26, 1583. Early in 1585, Anne gave birth to twins: Hament, their only son (who died young), and Judith, their second daughter. With a wife and three kids to maintain, and still dependent on his father one of the London acting companies that had been touring in Stratford. Shakespeare moved to London in 1585, where he was very successful. He was an actor and a writer and even owned his own playhouse. He was very respected man there. He was the first playwright to have his formal biography written and published with his works. By 1592 William was firmly established in the big city of London. He was all ready the author of ten plays and successful enough to inspire jealous and be called ?an upstart crow? by a fellow dramatist, Robert Greene. ( ) Between 1592-1594 all the theatres were closed by an outbreak of the plague. So during this time Shakespeare turned to poetry, writing sonnets and two long narrative poems: Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece. When the theatres reopened in 1594, Shakespeare joined the newly - formed Lord Chamberlain's Men, and was entitled to a share of the profits. We was an acting troupe under the patronage of QueenElizabeth

Problem-set Essays - Mathematical Finance, Actuarial Science

Problem-set Essays - Mathematical Finance, Actuarial Science 1. Three teachers have different accounts in the same bank. Use the information given below about each teacher to find the missing variable. Mr. Draft: Invested $450 in savings plan A with annual interest rate 11.4%. After time, he ended up with a total of $629.55 in her account. How long did he invest? Mr. Callahan: Invested in savings plan B and earned $25.26 in interest on her investment of $867.26. He started his investment in January and ended it in June. What was his interest rate? Fr. Moeller: Invested in savings plan C with an annual interest rate of 12%. After two years she earned $124.50 in interest. How much did she invest? Answer the question asked for each teacher. 2. On a credit card you charge $200 with an annual interest rate of 15%. Find the amount of interest that you owe if it takes you the following times to pay the credit card. 6 months: 1 year: 2 years: 5 years: 10 years: 20 years: What happens as you take longer and longer to pay off your bill? 3. Accumulate P20,500 for 110 days at 11.5% simple interest 4. What is the principal invested at 8.125% simple interest on May 21, 2007 that will amount to 14,615 on November 18, 2007? 5. Accumulate P15,800 for 4 years and 9 months at 6.875% simple discount. 6. Discount P16, 400 for 5 years and 3 months at 9.875% simple discount. 7. If 25,000 accumulates to 26,700 in 2.5 years, find the (a) interest rate (b) discount rate A 4 month note dated July 4, 2004 with face value of P25,000 bears interest at 13.6%. The note is discounted on September 13, 2004 at a bank whose discount rate is 12.375%. Find the proceeds. 8. How long will it take P4,500 to amount to P6,100; if interest rate is compounded quarterly. 9. How long will it take for P7,350 to amount to P18,500, if invested at 8% compounded monthly? 10. If P3,050 accumulates to P8,660 in 5 years. What is the interest rate compounded monthly? 11. Find the rate compounded quarterly if P745 accumulates P786 in 3 years and 9 months. 12. What nominal rate compounded monthly, will yeild the effective rate 4%? 13. If interest is compounded quarterly find the nominal rate if thge effective rate is 9% 14. Find the effective rate corresponding to the rate 5% compounded quarterly 15. When interest is compounded monthly, find the effective rate corresponding to the nominal rate 3% 16. Find the compound amount and compound interest on principal P20,000 borrowed at 6% compounded annually for 3 years. 17. Find the compound amount, which would be obtained from an interest of P2000 at 6% compounded quarterly for 5 years 18. Find compound interest on P2500 invested at 6% per annually, compound semi-annually for 8 years. 19. Find the interest using the four methods on P8,000 at 11.5% interest from August 2, 2006 to Novemeber 27,2006. 20. Find the interest on P12,000 at 9.875% from NOvember 20,2007 to April 6, 2008.

45 Synonyms for Food

45 Synonyms for Food 45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food† 45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food† By Mark Nichol Food means â€Å"a substance we eat for nutritional and/or gustatory purposes,† but that word is bland. For a tastier experience, use one of its synonyms listed below to convey the connotation you desire your readers to digest: 1. Aliment: food as nourishment 2. Bite: a bite’s worth of food, but also a small amount of food, such as a snack, or a casual reference to a larger amount 3. Board: the food laid out on a table, from the association of board with table; also denotes the part of the housing arrangement known as room and board, where room refers to lodging and board to meals 4. Bread: a synecdochic reference to food (synecdoche is a rhetorical device in which a part stands for a whole, as in â€Å"All hands on deck† for â€Å"All sailors on deck†) 5. Chow: food (slang); also a verb, as in â€Å"Chow down† 6. Comestible: food (formal or mock-formal); also a synonym for the adjective edible 7. Comfort food: food that satisfies nostalgic yearnings for traditionally prepared meals 8. Cooking: food, especially as specifically prepared, as in â€Å"I like her cooking† 9. Cuisine: food prepared in a specific fashion, as according to cultural tradition, or the manner or style of cooking 10. Diet: the particular combination of food for a person, group, or society, or a combination of food specified for or by a person for health reasons and/or weight loss; also a verb referring to the process of improving or maintaining health and/or losing weight 11. Dish: a preparation of food served in a single container as part of a meal; also, a container or piece of dinnerware for cooking, serving, or eating food, or an attractive person, or a verb meaning â€Å"to gossip† 12. Eatable: food; also a synonym for edible 13. Eats: food, especially convenient or simple food (slang) 14. Entrà ©e: the main course of a meal 15. Fare: food, in the sense of what is available or what is traditionally eaten 16. Fast food: food prepared rapidly, especially in restaurants that serve food quickly and at a high volume; also, used as an adjective in this sense or in that of something produced with little regard for quality 17. Feed: food for livestock; also used to describe an informal fund-raising event such as a crab feed in which a featured food is served with other dishes 18. Fodder: see feed; also refers to material in general that is readily available for use or consumption (â€Å"cannon fodder†) 19. Foodstuff: something used as food, especially as a raw ingredient in a food product 20. Goodies: edible treats 21. Groceries: food purchased at a store 22. Grub: see eats 23. Handout: food given free for charitable purposes 24. Home cooking: food prepared at home in a traditional manner, with the nostalgic connotation of comfort and familiarity 25. Larder: a supply of food, from the synonym for pantry 26. Meal: the food served at a particular sitting 27. Meat: see bread, or food consisting of the flesh of an animal other than a fish 28. Menu: the food served during a meal, or a list of food to be served; also, any list of offerings or choices 29. Mess: a meal served to a group of people who routinely eat together, as a ship’s crew; also, that group of people or the location where they eat, or a certain amount of food 30. Nourishment: food in the sense of something that satisfies the need to eat; also, the act or state of nourishing or being nourished, or something other than food that provides a corollary benefit 31. Nutriment: something that satisfies the need for nutrition 32. Pabulum: food prepared in a semiliquid state for ease of eating and/or digestion; also, communication of minimal value or sophistication thought to be acceptable to lowest-common-denominator consumers, or, rarely, communication thought to be intellectually stimulating 33. Provender: see feed, or food in general 34. Provisions: a supply of food made available for specific use, as by an expedition 35. Ration: a supply of food made available for a specific person, as a member of a military unit, or, in plural form, such food in general; also, a supply of another commodity as dictated by availability 36. Refreshment: a snack or small meal intended to sustain until the next meal 37. Slop: low-quality food, or leftovers given to livestock; also, garbage, excrement, or slush, or effusive communication 38. Store: see larder 39. Subsistence: the minimum amount of food necessary for survival; also, the equivalent in nonedible commodities 40. Sustenance: see aliment 41. Table: see meal and larder 42. Take-out: food obtained from a restaurant to be eaten elsewhere 43. Viand: see dish, or a piece or item of food, especially a particularly delicious one, and, in plural form, see provisions 44. Victuals: food, or see provisions; as victual, a verb synonymous with provision in the sense of supplying with provisions 45. Vittles: food (a dialectical spelling of victuals) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Mostly Small But Expressive InterjectionsThe Writing ProcessAdvance vs. Advanced

Youth Leadership and Devcelopment as a Social Movement Essay

Youth Leadership and Devcelopment as a Social Movement - Essay Example A survey done by The Search Institute whose findings have been accumulated in a book "A Fragile Foundation: The State of Developmental Assets among American Youth" has identified 40 assets or building blocks classified into 08 categories required for a healthy development of a child, many of which were found missing in the life of an American child. As a result, an average American child is building his life on a fragile foundation resulting in their problematic behavior. The first four asset categories focus on external structures, relationships and activities that create a positive environment for youth and include loving and caring support from family, friends and teachers, a feeling of being valued and having clear-cut rules about the expected behavior and consistent consequences of breaking them, to be and do their best, opportunities outside of school to learn and develop new skills and interests with other youth and adults. The next four categories reflect internal values, ski lls and beliefs that young people need to fully engage with and function in the world around them and include commitment to learning and a belief in their own abilities, having strong guiding values or principles to help them make healthy life choices and having Social Competencies to interact effectively with others, to make difficult decisions and to cope with new situations. They also need to believe in their own self-worth and to feel that they have control over the things that happen to them. As American society was found miserably lacking in providing their youth an environment suitable for their young ones to flourish in, there is an urgent requirement of augmenting the efforts on the scale of a national movement and already more than 300 communities have started initiative to mobilize resources and motivate all sectors of the community to help build those building blocks required for the well-being of our young generation. One of the most effective ways to the positive development of our youth as envisaged by many organizations which are sincerely working in this direction is through channelizing youthful energy in community building work. This programme for Youth leadership and Development works on the principle of considering youth as an asset to themselves and shifts its stress from youth's needs and problems and lays it on considering them as a powerful tool to tackle societal evils..According to them as pure human capital in community ventures, youth offer tremendous and often untapped contributions. Young people's exuberance and optimism alone can make rich additions to efforts to strengthen communities. Yet all too often youth are seen only as heirs to the future, trustees of posterity who will in some distant future finally take their place as partners in civic life. For many community organizations and programs, youth are underused resources, overlooked and marginalized. However, those organiz ations and projects that do involve young people as integral and respected leaders and participants, are not only enriching their endeavors, they are also exercising a powerful and promising strategy for youth development. The Innovation Center for Community and Youth development, a project of the Tides Center, a non-profit organization dedicated to supporting people working for social change is working in strategic partnership with key individuals and institutions and with youth and adult staff and volunteers who share a devotion to the potential of

The Four Forces of Evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Four Forces of Evolution - Essay Example It usually contains upper and lower cases, symbols and numbers. But it is not as strong as Passphrases. Passphrases are short sentences or sequence of words. Pass phrases are stronger and easy to remember. Though Cryptic passwords are strong, it is very difficult to remember it. If we write the password down somewhere there would be chances of losing it. So Passphrases are better than Cryptic passwords. Since passphrases contain 20-30 characters it can easily avoid attackers and it would also reduces the chances of having that in a dictionary. Another important way to keep our personal matters is by having multiple passwords. It is better to use different passwords for different accounts. One of the best methods to keep multiple passwords is to create passwords which have some kind of a relation. And you should make sure that the relation should be something that is not easily predictable. Most of us face difficulty in creating a strong password. We tend to commit certain errors while creating a password. There are some common errors that we make when creating a personal password. Usage of personal information as password, use of the any variant of the word ‘Password’, use of short passwords which are very easy to remember, use of most common passwords, use of nicknames and birthdays as password are some of the common errors made by people while creating a password. Creating a strong password is not very easy. We should make sure that we never commit the above mentioned errors. The more complex is your password the better it would be. Try to include symbols and numbers in your password to make it complicated. Changing password in a periodic interval would also help you to keep your personal information secure. Here is a procedure to create a strong password. First of all you write a sentence which is of more than 8 characters. Then you remove the space between the words. Once you remove the space you can intentionally misspell a word in order to make

Life Success Of Bill Gates

Life Success Of Bill Gates The traditional definition of leadership by Webster dictionary states its an interpersonal influence directed towards the achievement of a goal or goals. Leadership is a dynamic relationship based on mutual influence and common purpose between leaders and collaborators in which both are moved to higher levels of motivation and moral development as they affect real, intended change (Friedberg K and Friedberg J, 1996). Using the key words here such as influence and change, history has her fair share of leaders. In 1974, TIME magazine published a special section on history greatest leaders where a variety of individuals were asked to name their selection and a large number of people were nominated. Each for a different reason but mostly because they created a culture of influence and brought upon change. With the myriad of eligible entrepreneurs contesting to be great leaders of today, we dissect and analyse the lives of two living legends that have become household names in the world, William H Gates and Oprah Gail Winfrey. Two distinct individuals driven by ambition have become the core subject of business educators to delve into what makes them great leaders and like the old mythology, the search of the Holy Grail (Pearce T 2003). Famously known as Bill Gates, an American businessman, philanthropist, software executive and founding father of Microsoft Corporation, he is also the worlds second richest person (Forbes Magazine 2010). He is one of the best known entrepreneurs of personal computers revolution (Bellis M, nd). Oprah Winfrey a television host, producer, philanthropist and one of the most influential women in the society today, was ranked the richest African-American of the 20th century. She is credited for revolutionising the intimate confessional form of media communication (Wikipedia). 2.0 LIFE AND SUCCESS OF BILL GATES A personal computer in every desk and in every home (Keegan, Davidson Brill, 2003) A simple vision made him possibly the greatest visionary of our times. Bill Gates born to a prominent defence lawyer and a school teacher was introduced to computers at a very young age. He was enrolled in Lakeside Elementary School when his parents noticed his deep interest in computer and programming. After dabbling in various programming software, he developed his first software programme for controlling traffic under Traf-Data and sold it for $20000 (Paluri R K, nd). Following the release of MITS Altair 8800 based on the Intel 8080CPU in 1975, Gates and his best friend Allen started their own software company Microsoft. In 1976, when Microsoft was registered with the Office of the Secretary of the State of New Mexico, Gates dropped out of Harvard (Wikipedia). From releasing a version of FORTRAN language for microcomputers in 1977, they went on to introduce a version of COBOL 1978. In 1979, a new version for BASIC was developed by Microsoft. Gates focused on product development, harvesting best talents and intelligence, and introducing innovative and aggressive marketing strategies transforming Microsoft from a million dollar company in 1978 to a market leader in software with revenues in billion dollars by 2002 (Des Dear Love 2002). Resigning as CEO in 2000 to spend time with software architecture and passing the torch to Steve Ballmer, his childhood friend, he and his wife Melinda have built a foundation to support philanthropic initiations on global health and education (Fritz J, nd). 3.0 LIFE AND SUCCESS OF OPRAH WINFREY Oprah Gail Winfrey born in rural Mississippi to a teenage single mother is an African American television host, for the multi-award winning, self-titled talk show. She is also the greatest black philanthropist known to date who is one of the most influential women today (Wikipedia). Raised in a difficult childhood in a ghetto and an abusive one, she was not only raped by relatives but also got pregnant at the age of 14. Oprah Winfreys life turned when she lived with her father in Nashville and attended high school there. She was academically successful and became an incredible speaker which earned her a scholarship to Tennessee State University (Fry E). With her publicity at being a good speaker in University she landed her first job as a television co-anchor. Graduating with a degree in communications she became a news anchor at WLAC-TV in Nashville, later in Baltimore for the 6 o clock news. In 1984 she hosted AM Chicago which became the highest rated talk show within a year. The show was renamed The Oprah Winfrey Show in 1986. In 1988, she founded Harpo Studios (Harpo Inc.) to take over the show. In 1990, movies projects, she ventured into acting projects and gradually progressing to the launch of O, The Oprah Magazine. The initiation of Oprahs Book Club star ted her multimedia breakthrough. In 1987, The Oprah Winfrey Foundation and in 1997, Oprahs Angel Network was founded respectively for charity (Allen S). Oprahs talk show is all about encouraging the peoples potential, making them feel safe and affirming their personhood (Davis P). Oprah Winfrey once said As a young child I had a vision, not of what I wanted to accomplish but I knew that my current circumstances would change. That dream propelled her to success (Entertainment Executive 1991). 4.0 THEORIES ON LEADERSHIP Leadership theories have evolved through the years beginning from archaic ideas such as The Great Man Theory being self explanatory to more civilised, refined concepts. The trait approach identified a group of traits were positively associated with leadership such as intelligence, self confidence, initiative and persistence. However this is in no relation to effectiveness (Stogdill 1948, 1974). The behavioural approach took focus on two dimensions creating leadership styles; task-oriented behaviour and relation-oriented behaviour (Stogdill 1948) on organizational outcomes (Blake Mouton 1964). These approaches pay too much attention to the leaders perspective not considering the followers. The situational leadership model ( Hersey and Blanchard,1982) emphasises leadership flexibility and adaptation, the contingency model (Fiedler,1967) is much more consistent with less flexibility and the path-goal theory (House and Mitchell, 1974) assumes that leadership styles not only vary with different subordinates but in different situations. This theory is based on the assumption that situation moderator variables are easily identified but it is subjective to individual inference which change the actions and outcomes. Servant leadership stems from the notion that leadership arises out of a desire to serve rather than a desire to lead (Katzenberg and Smith, 1994). Asking questions, providing opportunities and seeking a common understanding instead of consensus to make any particular decisions were thought to be qualities that make a leader. Transactional leadership has remained the organisational model which is built around a person who needs to get a job done, has power and perks, striving to work in the current system with short term goals. The shift to use transformational leadership has more meaning with morals and ethics, focusing on missions and strategies, making it more meaningful and challenging with long term goals (Liu J and Liu X, 2006) Leadership is a complex process in which leaders, followers and the situation interact with each other usually one or the other theories overlap in reality. 5.0 LEADERSHIP QUALITIES OF BILL GATES AND OPRAH WINFREY Using Kouzes J and Posner B survey as a basis where common characteristics of leaders were formulated after interviewing 75,000 people, below are the characteristics present in both of our personalities discussed. 5.1 LEADERSHIP QUALITIES OF BILL GATES PASSIONATE He is a Harvard dropout (Richard D). While it is every Americans dream to be selected into Harvard University, he stopped his education halfway with the strong passion to pursue his dream for software architecture. VISIONARY A computer on every desk and Microsoft software on every computer (Paluri RK). This is a dream that propelled Gates to his overwhelming success and realising that dream proves him to be a far visionary. INTELLIGENT Starting at a very young age he began dabbling at computer programming (Walter I). He believes in intelligence and with that you can achieve almost anything in the world. His parents observed their sons intellectual capacity and enrolled him in private school (Wikipedia). INNOVATIVE Creating new versions of FORTRAN, BASIC and created MS DOS for personal computers (Des DearLove). He also realised that internet was taking the world over by storm and not to be left out in the rat race he incorporated Web in his advancement. He spoke in April 2002 that in the upcoming digital decade the tools created in the next 10 years will be the best tools for empowerment and productivity the world has ever seen.( Krames J A) STAFF ORIENTED He coined the phrase digital nervous system to speak of a culture that encourages the workforce not only to think but to share their thoughts (Gates 2002). His company engages in a ritual known as THINK WEEK twice a year where he reads almost 100 mails and ideas from his employees (Dvorak D). COMPETITIVE Constantly meeting rivalry such as Apple, Google. With the advent of Windows system, Microsoft won over the rivalry of format with Apple (Richard D). His competitive nature suggests that to maintain high standards in the global economy is innovation and hiring a workforce that consists of the worlds brightest minds (Gates 2007). DIVERSE Employment of staff from around the world harnessing intelligence (Krames J A, 2003). He gained even popularity in China during his visit there with his charisma. (Microsoft Presspass, 2003) HUMBLE The idea is not just to make money but to give something in return, the knowledge and the software. Evident in his character is the fact that he employs his own childhood friends or individuals he knew from his past to participate in the rise of Microsoft. He values the people he comes to meet and know such as Steve Ballmer and Paul Allen. CREDIBILITY Though the government opened antitrust trial against Microsoft challenging Bill Gates credibility where it accuses Microsoft of bundling its internet explorer browser with its Windows OS to eliminate Netscapes Navigator browser (Brinkley J, 1998) ENTHUSIASTIC -He has shown his zeal in many of his undertakings such as business, golf, and donations (Lesinski, 2007). CONFIDENCE At an early stage he was confident he could sell his idea to a huge company like IBM and made it materialize (Des DearLove) TRUSTWORTHY His team constituted of people he worked and studied with and brought only his trusted friends to start a small team (Wikipedia) PHILANTHROPIST- Funnelling large amounts of his wealth through The Bill and Melinda Gates foundation to raise standards in health and education. Caring for the lesser fortuned population despite having abundant wealth (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation). ASSERTIVENESS Due to multilevel and cross-sectional communication between his employees he is able to know their needs and respect their opinions while maintaining his goal (Gates 2002). 5.2 LEADERSHIP QUALITIES OF OPRAH WINFREY ENTREPRENEURSHIP She transformed from media talk show host to media industry mogul millionaire. As a simple girl who ventured into news anchoring, she surpassed many obstacles to become one of the most renowned individuals in the movie or television industry. Harpo Inc is an active supplier of motion pictures, produces not only Oprahs talk show but also produces Rachel Rays, Dr Phils and Dr Ozs shows (Wikipedia.) CONFIDENCE As told to business partner Gayle King I dont know what the future holds but I know who holds it (Baldoni J, 2008). To be a successful black in the movie industry which is dominated by the Americans is a formidable task. Oprah once said, It is confidence in our bodies, minds and spirits that allows us to keep looking for new adventures, new directions to grow in, and new lessons to learn which is what life is all about (Fry E). INNOVATIVE Though the mainstay of her career is the confessional form of talk show, she went on to create Harpo Productions Inc, Harpo Films Inc, Harpo Studios Inc, and Harpo videos. She expanded her empire by forming Oxygen Media LLC which includes a women cable TV network and internet site. In 2000, O magazine was launched (Jet 2003). INTELLIGENCE Though she had an unstable childhood that did not deter her from obtaining a degree in mass communications from Tennessee State University and carving her path in the entertainment industry INFLUENTIAL Changing the lives of many Africans and African Americans especially the down trodden. The 66th U.S. Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice describes her as a woman of moral character and source of strength for millions of her admirers (Rice C, 2006). INTEGRITY She is true t her work and keeps control of her products and her image not over marketing it. She believed in keeping control of her branding and being in control of Harpo Inc. (Baldoni J, 2008). CHANGE She is people driven bringing change to the lives of the young African girls. She used her past as a lesson and channelled it to a positive growth and lesson for others. Her metamorphosis is certainly laudable. PHILANTROPHIST Starting the Oprah Winfrey foundation to support the education and empowerment of women, children and families in the United States and around the world. Her caring nature allows her to empathize with the unfortunate. Post hurricane Katrina, she donated her own money to build new home for 65 families. She is also actively campaigning victims of abuse to find justice so that they can move on. She is championing her cause with the sole message that I did it, so can you (Rice C, 2006). CREATIVITY She created a reality show hosted by Nate Berkus called the Big Give encouraging others to give and aid the less fortunate. She also formed Oprahs Angel Network to inspire people to make a difference. STRENGTH Despite coming from a dysfunctional home and being molested by family she managed to make the mess of her life into a message for other women. Most individuals tend to cocoon themselves to cope with the post traumatic stress disorders or rebel at life due to dysfunctional family background but she is proof of dealing with misfortune in a positive manner. HARDWORKING She worked her way to the top with her skills and opportunities strewn in her way. VISIONARY The Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls inspired by her humble beginnings to provide educational and leadership opportunities to academically gifted girls from impoverished background. She became a visionary for others after obtaining such success in her life. TALENTED She is not only an honours student, winning oratory contests and skilled in public speaking, she has indulged in acting in movies, became a famous talk show host and television programmer. 6.0 SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN BILL GATES AND OPRAH WINFREY 6.1 EARLY YEARS Gates was a young visionary who had a dream which he ambitioned to full fill. He was born into a family of standing who valued his intelligence and supported him in his undertakings. Winfrey was a lady who was presented with an opportunity and she used that chance to create a dream and then envisioned a future. Coming from a past of difficult times without supportive parents, it was a bold and courageous move to achieve what she has today. Two different upbringings and knowledge foundation but both proved to be great leaders of our time. Gates was an intelligent individual but a university dropout by choice, but Winfrey used her education and oratory skills to propel her forward. Both are leaders using different foundations to grow. This shows the use of situational leadership in their decision making. 6.2 LEADERSHIP TRAITS IN GATES AND WINFREY 6.2.1 Transformational Gates and Winfrey both exerted transformational leadership qualities. In the early days of Microsofts birth, Gates was more transactional, he was driven to get his vision across, and using the position he held, he focused on tactical issues on a daily basis. He relied on the existing structure to maximise his output. Using MS DOS as a foundation to license it and sell it to other personal computers (Richards D). Software programming was the mainstay of his indulgence and finding the core programmes was a challenge. When IBM approached him to do his programming it was his breakthrough in the networking world. He wanted more and with that dream Microsoft was born. Gradually when he left IBM he transformed Microsoft to be an organization which identified human potential and talents with larger mission and strategies, had long term goals which had more meaning( Wikipedia). He kept redesigning jobs to keep them challenging. Winfrey was not a leader in her early years, being a struggling African American herself; she paved her career with short term goals and opportunity. When she had her breakthrough she practised more situational leadership qualities to ensure she made improvements and progress based on needs and ideals of the populations. She took what was offered to her and climbed gradually to the top. Her transformations were based on change. She brought change to the African society in general and mostly the women. She transformed the thoughts of people to rise from the ghettos and reach for the stars. She generously gave hope (Allen S, nd ). She also managed to penetrate the white dominated entertainment industry though acceptance of a black woman was an issue. Influential Both individuals are influential to mankind, creating a class of believe and a sense of idolism in the world they have introduced a metamorphosis in the entertainment and technological revolution. Microsoft and Bill Gates are almost synonyms in the computing world (Gates 2008). The blacks mainly from the African continent are faithful and devout worshippers of Winfrey (Black Enterprise). Philanthropic Winfrey has been described as a person with warmth and deep love, an abiding commitment to the principles of goodness and generosity that transcend any individual (Rice C, 2006). Melinda Gates seeing that malaria was a transmittable disease in the African continent causing the death of millions decided that it was a vacuum that does need to be stepped into. Melinda and Gates Foundation provide more than a third of worlds entire malaria-research funding. They also funded the creation of a synthetic form of artemisinic acid, a drug to combat malaria (Bower A, 2006). Their magnanimous natures of caring for the population and channelling financial aid to the needy have made them both philanthropic idols (Alleyne S, nd The New York Times June 2010). Passionate Gates does not only thrive on profit, if he did he would not have stepped down as CEO and allow Steve Ballman to continue, instead he moved to concentrate on his primary passion that is software programming and actively nurturing his charity foundation. Winfrey too does not make business decisions purely based on profit. She develops partnerships and ventures in instinct and utility (Alleyne S 2008). Employee relationship Gates usually involves his employees in the think tank of Microsoft, having twice yearly meetings to harvest new ideas or resolve old issues. His relationship is purely business like in nature (Dvorak D). He is almost beaureaucratic in leading with his employees though financially rewarded are tired of being overworked and have temporarily opted out. His monopolistic character in the early days of Microsoft gradually transformed from an autonomous approach to be involved only with the broad strategy (Heller R, 2006). However Oprah being in touch with her emotional perspective of nature thinks taking care of employees and rewarding them occasionally is the path to be a good leader. Debbie McElroy, a head hunter for the Lucas group said, Employees get a six week vacation in their first week at Harpo. The pay and benefits are exceptional. (SellersP, nd). Named as the Worlds Greatest Boss by the Chicago-Sun Times newspaper, she went cruising with 1,700 employees all expense paid in 2009. In 2005, it was a company vacation to Hawaii (Bieganski M, 2009). 7.0 CONCLUSION What makes a good leader? Leadership can vary depending on situation and background of the leader. The personalities chosen to define leadership in this assignment are from different backgrounds, Oprah being from a dysfunctional and uneducated family and Gates from an educated and family of standing in society. The two individuals are also yin and yang in race; one is a white American and the other of African American origin. They differ in the upbringing, values, goals and vision in life. The industries they are involved in are different, Oprah in the entertainment industry and Gates in the software industry. Nevertheless, amazingly both of them are leaders of the generation today. Both are successful, talented and influential billionaires. The similarities they share also include their common interest in philanthropy and giving away their earnings to the population to help the needy and to connect to the population. Both these leaders are charismatic, but Gates is through his business skills and Oprah is through her general caring nature and love for people. Oprah does not believe in doing the marketing her business, over merchandizing her products and always kept in control the on goings of her company allowing her partner only 10% of the business control. Whereas Bill Gates handed over the day to day affairs in 2000 to Steve Ballmer and finally resigned in 2007 to completely hand over the business to his partner. He practised empowerment as part of his leadership quality but Oprah though allowing others to carry out the designated jobs approval was always maintained by her. Both our leaders in the assignment are with varied qualities; however, they are still great leaders of our generation.

Organizational Controls

The Lincoln Company follows a decentralized approach to management. The decentralized approach is when employees participate in setting goals, determining standards of performance, governing quality, and designing control systems. The decision making is not confined to top executives but throughout the organization. The lowest level managers and employees are empowered to make decisions. The employees have added responsibility and they are involved in decision making which results in increased job satisfaction. The responsibility and the authority that goes with it make the job more interesting and provide greater incentive for people to put out their best efforts. The employees of Lincoln Electric Company tasks are precisely defined, and individual employees must exceed strict performance goals to achieve top pay. The Lincoln employee’s organization culture is based on trust, shared control, and an egalitarian spirit. The Lincoln Company has an open door policy. The company has cross functional teams and they are empowered to make decisions, take responsibility for product planning, developing, and marketing. The company openly shares information with the workers throughout the organization about the company’s operations and finances. The Lincoln system was so successful in the United States mainly because of a diverse control approach. Within this company the organizational culture is based on openness, trust, and shared control. As opposed to the hierarchical approach which involves monitoring and influencing employee behavior through extensive use of rules, policies, and written documentation, and the employees communicate with their immediate superior and with their immediate subordinates. The Lincoln Company use of this system gained trust with the workers. The employees can purchase stock, and they owned more than 60% of the stock. The incentive and control system was powerful with incentives that the company offered to employees. This included a no lay off policy, the employees are eligible for annual bonuses, the production workers are paid on a piece rate basis, plus merit pay based on performance. The company had an open door policy and the workers can openly disagree with the manager about pay and other issues. The problem with transporting Lincoln’s control systems to other national cultures because managers in some other countries have more trouble running an open book company because of prevailing attitudes and standards encourage confidentiality and even secrecy concerning financial results. The executives when deciding to expand to different countries may have just concentrated on technology, products, marketing, and control systems, but failed to recognize that the culture of countries may have widely different beliefs, values, and practices. These differences can create stress and anxiety for employees, and these negative emotions affect future performance. Cultural differences should be evaluated during the acquisition process, and Organization Development can be used to smooth the integration of this company to another country. Another helpful tool to make future international manufacturing plants more successful that is being used more often is total quality management. It is a way to implement the decentralized approach to another county. Total quality management uses quality circles and benchmarking as ways to introduce this approach to employees. The organization development will help the company with a culture change which is a major shift in the norms, values, attitudes, and mind set of an organization. It focuses on the human and social aspects of the organization and works to change attitudes and relationships among employees and helps strengthen the organization’s capacity for adaption and renewal. Lincoln Company should not borrow money and pay bonuses to the United States Workers. I think employees would rather have a job, than the company going bankrupt.

Cerebrum and Dementia Care Unit-2 - 1819 Words

Unit-1, Q1. Explain what is meant by the term `dementia Unit-1, Q2. Describe how dementia can affect a person if the following areas of the brain are damaged by dementia Frontal lobe: Parietal lobe: Temporal lobe: Occipital lobe: Cerebellum: Unit-1, Q3.Explain why the following may be mistaken for dementia a) depression b) delirium c) age related memory impairment Unit-1, Q4. Give an outline of the following models of dementia a) The medical model of dementia b) The social model of dementia Unit-1, Q5. Explain why it is important to see dementia as a disability Unit-1, Q6. List the four most common causes of dementia Unit-1, Q7. Describe the signs and symptoms associated with the four most common causes of dementia Unit-1, Q8. Outline†¦show more content†¦Unit-4, Q3. Explain how negative beliefs, values and misunderstandings can affect a persons attitude towards people with dementia. Unit-4, Q4. Explain how positive beliefs and values can affect a persons attitude towards a people with dementia. Unit-4, Q5. Describe the steps you can take to ensure a person with dementia feels valued , included and able to engage in daily life. Unit-4, Q6. Describe the practices that could make a person with dementia feel excluded. Unit-4, Q7. Explain why it is important to include individuals with dementia in all aspects of their care. Unit-4, Q8. Describe how an older persons experience of dementia may be different to a younger person who develops dementia. Unit-4, Q9. Mr Singh is a 75 year old gentleman who moved to England from India when he was in his 30s. Mr Singh is a practicing Sikh. He does speak English but because of his dementia he has reverted to only speaking in Punjabi. Describe the steps you could take to gain knowledge and understanding of Mr Singhs needs and preferences. Unit-4, Q10. Sophie is a 39 year old lady who has Downs syndrome. She has also developed dementia which is progressing quite quickly. Sophie has been admitted to a care facility which specialises in supporting people who have learning disabilities and also have dementia. Describe the knowledge and understanding that the staff would need in order to work in a person-centred way with Sophie. Unit-5, Q1.List four different groupsShow MoreRelatedDementia Essay3997 Words   |  16 Pagesï » ¿Unit 4222-237 SADIE LEWIS Outcome 1 1.1 Dementia is the progressive decline in the cognitive function, involving all aspects of perception, thinking, reasoning and remembering. This is largely to do with damage or disease. This is progressive and leads to the deterioration of the mind, affecting an individual’s ability to concentrate on daily tasks. The memory is often affected, causing them to forget people, dates and events that are recent to them, behaviour can be erraticRead MoreHealth and Social Care2195 Words   |  9 PagesUnit 13 –Dementia Awareness 1) 1.1. Explain what is meant by the term ‘dementia’ Dementia is a set of symptoms that affect the way people think and interact with each other. It is not a disease, but can often be linked to a disease or damage done to the brain. Short-time memory, mind, speech and motor skills are affected. Certain forms of dementia cause a change in the personality of the individual. A person suffering from dementia will lose certain skills and knowledge they already had. ThisRead MoreUnit 4222-237 Dementia Awareness (DEM 201) Essay4308 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿Unit 4222-237 Dementia Awareness (DEM 201) 1.1 – Explain what is meant by the term ‘dementia’ The term dementia describes a set of symptoms which include loss of memory, mood changes and problems with communication and reasoning. These symptoms occur when the brain is damaged by numerous certain diseases. Dementia is progressive, which means the symptoms will gradually get worse. How fast dementia progresses will depend on the individual person and what type of dementia they have. Each personRead MorePsychology Workbook Essay22836 Words   |  92 PagesPsychologists study animal behavior. ____X_ Psychologists study emotions and mental processes. _____ Psychology and common sense lead to the same conclusions about behavior and mental processes. _____ Psychology is not a science. Objective I.2 Define the scientific method, and explain how it is used in psychology? Psychologists use the scientific method to evaluate competing ideas; find relationship of variables by collecting data |Margin Learning Question(s) (if applicable) Read MoreSocm Study Guide Essay30404 Words   |  122 Pagessystems of the body and the major components of each system. 1. Integumentary system: * Cutaneous membrane (layers of skin) * Hair follicles * Hair * Sebaceous glands * Sweat glands * Nails * Sensory Receptors 2. Skeletal System: * Bones (s06), Cartilages, ligaments * Axial skeleton – skull, vertebrae, sacrum, rib s, sternum * Appendicular skeleton – limbs and supporting bones * Bone Marrow 3. Muscular System: * skeletal muscles

Racism, Sexism And Prejudice By Harper Lee - 1554 Words

The entire world views and is affected by many immoral and cruel behaviours. In the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird written by Harper Lee, the citizens of Maycomb County are harmed or troubled by vices that are seen throughout the text, such as racism, sexism and prejudice. It is obvious that throughout the work of To Kill a Mockingbird, the vices of racism, sexism and prejudice harm and negatively affect the community and it’s people. Within the time period in which the novel takes place, women are not treated as equal to men, they have less opportunities and are to act in a specific mannerism. Women in this society, within the early 1900s, are not given equal opportunities as men. Within the courthouse, all of the members of the jury are males. It is clear that the only reason that no women are seen in this workspace, is because women are viewed as unfit for political positions. This is proven as Jem asks Atticus why Miss Maudie cannot serve on a jury, and Atticus answers with the reason that she is a women, and he says â€Å"I doubt if we’d ever get a complete case tried-the ladies’d be interrupting to ask questions† (Lee 296), This quotation shows that women are seen as incapable politicians, because they will not be able to keep their mouths shut. This could make women feel far inferior to men, and lower their confidence in following their dreams of work. People of different religions view women in disrespectful, harmful ways. For example, the â€Å"foot washing baptists† believeShow MoreRelatedRacism, Sexism and Socioeconomic Prejudice in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird828 Words   |  4 Pagesother negative things† (2006 Anti-Defamation League). Also, prejudice in â€Å"children may be reinforced by listening to derogatory ethnic jokes, especially when others laugh along or think theyre cool†. Lastly, children may simply imitate the prejudices of their older family members and popular friends. Prejudice is to pre- judge. â€Å"Prejudice is a baseless and usually negative attitude toward members of a group. Common features of prejudice include negative feelings, stereotyped beliefs and a tendencyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and rac ism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreSummary Of Kill A Mockingbird 1645 Words   |  7 PagesMockingbird is told from the view of Jean Louise (Scout) Finch. 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Whether it be Boo Radley, a shut in who falls victim to the town’s gossip, even thoughRead MoreEssay about Maycomb Society in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee791 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss Harper Lee’s Presentation of Maycomb Society in to Kill a Mockingbird Maycomb is described as a â€Å"tired old town† where the inhabitants had â€Å"nowhere to go†. Maycomb is very similar to any small southern town in the 1930’s, sexism, racism and other prejudices are at a peak, and old traditions are carried out regularly. To Kill a Mockingbird revolves solely around family, community and society, the focus point of the book, the rape trial, would not have occurred if society had notRead MoreDiscovering The True Colors By Harper Lee1344 Words   |  6 PagesDiscovering the True Colors Prejudice, like evil, lurks in everyone, whether it is visible or hidden beneath the surface of a calm, clear pool. It is the cause of an invisible line, a separation, between people. Often that line is unreal, created in the minds of people, but requires conformity and rejects individuals. Prejudice is explored in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, a captivating novel that revolves around the experiences of two children, Jem and Scout, who witness prejudice and hatred in an unfairRead More Sexism, Prejudice, and Racism in Lees To Kill A Mockingbird2051 Words   |  9 PagesThroughout the book To Kill A Mockingbird Lee discusses the effects of ignorance and the toll it takes on people such as Tom Robinson, Boo Radley, Scout herself, and many more. Through her examples of sexism, prejudice, and racism, from the populist of poverty stricken Southerners, she shows the readers the injustice of many. The victims of ignorance are the ‘mockingbirds’ of the story. A good exam ple of this injustice is the trial of Tom Robinson, who is falsely accused of raping a white girl andRead MoreTo Kill a Mocking Bird Reflection2428 Words   |  10 PagesStatement on area of study Prejudice Prejudice; what a strong and powerful word that is. When prejudice first comes to mind I first think of, judgment, bias, stereotyping, unfairness and intolerance. Its much more than that its an evil discriminator act of power. A preconceived opinion of someone de to physical characteristics that cant be helped or changed. There are many different forms of prejudice but the four main ones to me are as follows. Sexism (the unfair prejudice against someone becauseRead MoreA Sweet And Loving Portrait Of A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1772 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis Throughout the first half of Mockingbird Harper Lee builds a sweet and loving portrait of growing up in the disappeared world of small town Alabama. Harper Lee, nevertheless, proceeds to undermine her depiction of small town gentility throughout the second half of the book. Lee dismantles the sweet facade to disclose a rotten, rural underside filled with prejudice, ignorance, and social lies. However, no one in Mockingbird is totally evil or good. Every character is human, with humanRead MoreThe Scottsboro Trials And Racial Prejudice1707 Words   |  7 Pageshave an effect on the verdict of being guilty or innocent? The American judicial courtroom has been comprised of the nation’s many greatest racial discriminatory cases over the past century, but the most racially upstanding case, when referring to Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird includes The Scottsboro Trials. Both stories uprise in the 1930s, displaying a white supremacist mindset, which two cases fall into the conviction of rape. The Scottsboro case started on a train to northern Alabama to southern