The Prince Essays (1048 words) - Social Psychology, Machiavellianism

The Prince The Prince Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince examines the nature of power and his views of power are still somewhat in existence today. I'll discuss this in this essay, emphasizing the following theses. Machiavelli discusses power over the people, dictatorial power, and power with people, shared power. While it is possible for power with to attain greater prevalence in society, it will not completely eliminate power over. In The Prince, Machiavelli discusses two distinct groups of people, the political elite, including nobles and other princes, and the general public. Today in the United States, the first group, the political elite, includes political leaders, religious leaders, business leaders and the leaders of strong lobbying groups. The composition of the general public has changed little from Machiavelli's time. Machiavelli concentrates on relations between the prince and the political elite. He claims that ambition and dictatorial power drive most nobles and princes. A prince must act with dictatorial power in order to maintain his position. Machiavelli assumes that shared power will not be effective with nobles, since whether men bear affection depends on themselves, but whether they are afraid will depend on what the ruler does (Machiavelli, p.60-61). Since the nobles are unforgiving and greedy it would be dangerous if not downright suicidal for a prince to rely on their good will. Equally important, Machiavelli states that a prince, a political leader, has different concerns than the general public. For a prince personal actions, which would be considered immoral or unvirtuous, may save lives or help the prince's country. In this way a prince is not immoral, but instead acts with a morality different in nature from the general public. Machiavelli gives several examples of this. Miserliness is considered a fault. Yet, a miserly prince will come to be considered more generous when it is realized that his revenues are sufficient to defend himself against enemies that attack him, and to undertake campaigns without imposing special taxes on the people (p.56). Likewise, starting a war is considered an immoral act by many. Yet, a prince should not allow troubles to develop in order to avoid fighting a war for wars can not really be avoided, but are merely postponed to the advantage of others (p.11). Avoiding war may cause more suffering among the people than starting war. For example, many believe that World War II could have been avoided, saving tens of millions of lives, had England and France not pursued a policy of appeasement towards the Germans. While Machiavelli emphasizes power over in relations between the political elite, he discusses a different kind of power in the relations between a prince and the general public. Machiavelli notes that a prince can share power with the people, since a prince can trust the people much more than he can trust the nobles. Nobles can not be satisfied if a ruler acts honorably but the people can be thus satisfies, because their aims are more honorable than those of the nobles are: for the latter only want to oppress and the former only want to avoid being oppressed (p.35). The people are not unforgiving and greedy so the prince can place more trust in the people. Since the public can be trusted, the prince can empower the people. An empowered public will protect the ruler rather than overthrow him. Machiavelli suggests providing people with power in terms of arms, since when you arm them, these weapons become your own (p. 72). In this way power is an increasing resource, sharing power with the people can result in greater power for the people and for the prince. Finally Machiavelli notes that inherent power of the public, which exists despite the dictatorial power that any prince exercises. When discussing fortresses, he states that the best fortress a ruler can have is not to be hated by the people, for if you possess fortresses and the people hate you, having fortresses will not save you (p.75). Machiavelli does not disregard shared power as a potentially successful way to govern, but only notes that dictatorial power can not be used exclusively in governing. Even in relations with the general public, which can include shared power, the prince can not act in ways that might

Dnatas financial performance

Dnatas financial performance Data gathering In the process of conducting the study, a number of issues which include the source of data, its accuracy and credibility were taken into account in the process of gathering the necessary data. The study mainly relied on secondary sources of data.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Dnata’s financial performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This was achieved by gathering data from published company reports posted on the firm’s official website and from other credible data bases. For example, the study relied on the financial information published by the Emirates Group on Dnata’s financial performance. As a result, a high degree of credibility, accuracy and reliability was ensured. In an effort to gather sufficient amount of data, a comprehensive questionnaire was designed. A comprehensive review of the questionnaire was undertaken prior its administration to the respondents in order to eliminate any form of errors and ambiguity. The questionnaire included both open-ended and close-ended questions. Open-ended questionnaires were used in order to provide the respondents with an opportunity to communicate their opinion while close-ended questionnaires were used where a specific answer was required. The questionnaires focused on five main areas which include the operational cost, trend of fuel prices, the impact of fuel process on the firm’s operation, logistics and location and how outsourcing can be used to minimize the challenges associated with high fuel prices. Considering the fact that the respondents are very busy, the questionnaires were mailed in time in order to provide them with ample time to look at them.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The target population for the study included all Dnata Company employees. In an e ffort to simplify the study process, the concept of sampling was integrated. Fifteen employees were selected to be the respondents. By selecting a small sample size, it was possible to increase the power of the study. Maxwell (2005) asserts that a large sample size reduces the power of a particular study due to numerous errors. However, a small sample size reduces such errors. As a result, the researcher was able to improve the degree to which the findings of the study can be relied upon in addition to lowering the cost of the study. Employees from different job categories were selected to be the respondents. Some of the respondents belonged to the top level management while others belonged to lower level of management. However, it was ensured that the respondents selected were conversant with the impact of high fuel prices on the operation of Dnata Company. Data analysis Both qualitative and quantitative data research methods of data analysis were used. This was achieved by integra ting descriptive statistics and inferential data analysis methods. Descriptive statistics entails calculating the mean, mode, frequencies and percentages. On the other hand, inferential statistics entails integrating tests such as t-test and the chi-square. Such tests aid in evaluating the statistical difference between categorical variables. On the other hand, multivariate analysis will be used to assess the impact of high fuel prices on the performance of Dnata Company. The research questions considered in the study will be analyzed individually.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Dnata’s financial performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By using descriptive statistics, the researcher will be able to condense the voluminous data collected. The data collected will be presented using tables, graphs and charts. As a result, it will be easy for a large number of stakeholders to interpret the findings. Re sults Analysis of how the rise in oil price has affected Dnata’s operation Oil is an important component in the operation of organizations in various economic sectors. The data gathered from secondary sources shows that the UAE has been experiencing a significant fluctuation in oil prices over the past five years. The chart below illustrates the trend in the performance of crude oil price in the UAE from 2008 to 2012. Figure 1 Source: (Index Mundi, 2013) The chart shows that the price of oil in the UAE reduced significantly from May 2008 to November 2008. However, the downward trend was reversed from 2009 and the country been experiencing an upward trend with regard to oil prices as illustrated by the graph.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The table below shows a summary of the average oil price per barrel in UAE and the associated percentage change from 2008 to 2012. The chart shows that oil price from 2009 to 2012 has experienced minimal change. This explains why the cost of doing business in the UAE has been very high. Year Average oil price per barrel in AED Percentage change 2008 577.49 13% 2009 232.4 5.14% 2010 286.66 1.15% 2011 389.39 1.58% 2012 287.1 0.15% Figure 2 High oil prices increases the risks faced by an organization. From the illustrations above, it one can assert that Dnata is exposed to numerous financial risks. Consequently, it is fundamental for the firm’s management team to conduct a comprehensive analysis and evaluation on the risks that the firm faces. This will result in development of greater insight on the most effective risk control measures. This will improve the effectiveness with which the firm implements effective risk control mechanisms. The mechanisms integrated should enable the firm balance between the risks faced and the returns gained. Most of the respondents cited market risk as one of the greatest challenges that Dnata is currently facing. The respondents said that Dnata is currently exposed to a high degree of market volatility as a result of the prevailing fluctuation in oil prices. The high oil prices in the UAE have persisted since 2008 despite the numerous financial and economic reforms undertaken by the government to address the situation. The reforms instituted by the UAE government have significantly boosted business confidence amongst investors in various economic sectors. Dnata has experienced a significant increment in the cost of its operation over the past five years. The cost has been relatively high compared to the revenue. The increment is as a result of the high oil prices. The chart below illustrates the operating cost that the firm incurred from 2008 to 2012. The chart shows that the cost of operation has been on a n upward trend. Â  AED Year Amount in million 2007/2008 34,359 2008/2009 40,988 2009/2010 39,890 2010/2011 48,788 2011/2012 60,474 Figure 3 Figure 4 The high oil price has adversely affected the Dnata’s financial performance. The chart below illustrates the firm’s financial performance over the past five years. Year and amount in million AED 2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/2011 2011/2012 Revenue and operating income 2,565 3,181 3,160 4,406 7,000 Operating cost 2,340 2,714 2,601 3,906 6,207 Operating profit 245 467 559 500 793 Figure 5 The table above indicates that Dnata has been experiencing a positive financial performance despite the high oil prices. This is evidenced by the increase in the firm’s level of profitability. During its 2011/2012 financial year, Dnata attained the highest level of profitability. The increment was associated with the aggressive international expansion strategy that the firm has integrated in i ts strategic management. The graph below shows the percentage change in the firm’s level of profitability from 2008 to 2012. Year Percentage change 2007/2008 12% 2008/2009 16% 2009/2010 19% 2010/2011 13% 2011/2012 12% Figure 6 Source (Emirates Group, 2012) Figure 7 Figure 8 The Middle East airline industry is expected to grow with a margin of 6.4% over the next two decades. The growth is expected to emanate from development in both long-haul and short-haul forms of air travel. An analysis of how outsourcing will help Dnata address the financial crisis In an effort to enhance its sustainability, Dnata Company entered into a 2-year partnership agreement with Al Ahli Club in 2012. During the two years, Dnata will act as the travel agent for the club. When asked about the impact of the partnership on the firm’s future sustainability, the respondents were of different opinion. Eighty percent (80%) of the respodents were of the opinion that the partnership will enable the firm increase its profitabilty. This is due to the fact that the partnershp with Al Ahli Club will stimulate higher sales revenue. The respondent were of the opinion that the partnership presents a unique opportunity for Dnata to market its services to a large number of potential customers. On the other hand, 90% of the respondents said that the partnership will enable Dnata develop a high level of loyalty amongst its customers. This is due to the fact that Al Ahli is one of the most popular clubs in the UAE and has a strong base of loyal fans. Discussion High oil prices have been a subject of concern for many organisaitons. Despite their enormous oil reserves, countries within the MENA region such as the UAE are ranked amongst the economies with the highest oil prices in the world. One of the reasons that explain the high oil price relates to the high rate of speculation by the various stakeholders. Business process outsourcing is one of the most effective strategie s that Dnata Company have integrate in its strategic manaagement. Effective implemenntation of the outsourcing strategy inncreases the effectiveness with which an organisation survives challenging economic times. Firstly, outsourcign enable an organisation to minimise the cost of operation. This is due to the fact that some operations are transferred to the outsourced firm. Secondly, outsourcing plays a fundamental role in attracting and retaining customers. Currently, the UAE is experieincing a financial crisis. Consequently, it is fundamental for Dnata’s management team to be effective in implementing its outsourcing strategy. Conclusion The study shows that the airline industry in the UAE is facing a major threat emanating from changes oil prices. Over the past five years, oil price in the UAE has been on an upward trend. This has presented a major challenge to firms within the industry in their quest to maximize profit. However, Dnata has managed to sustain a positive fin ancial performance despite the prevailing financial crisis in the UAE. One of the factors that have contributed to the firm’s success is effective integration of administrative strategies. For example, the firm has integrated the concept of merger and acquisition in its operation. As a result, Dnata has been able to achieve higher economies of scale. The high oil price in the UAE is one of the major challenges that Dnata Company will be required to deal with in order to survive in the long run. Thus, it is crucial for the firm to incorporate effective management strategies. One of the strategies that the firm should consider integrating is outsourcing. Outsourcing is ranked as one of the most effective strategies that can assist firms within the hospitality industry to deal with challenging economic situations such as financial crisis. Currently, the firm has entered into a partnership with Al Ahli Football Club. The partnership is likely to promote the firm’s sales re venue. This is due to the fact that the firm will be able to interact and create awareness to a large number of potential customers. To enhance its competitiveness, it is essential for Dnata conduct a comprehensive market analysis to in order to identify potential firms with which it can enter into a partnership agreement with. Secondly, to improve the effectiveness with which it deals with changes in oil price, it is fundamental for Dnata Company to incorporate the concept of hedging. Hedging will enable Dnata to safeguard itself from high oil price hence increasing the likelihood with which it sustains competitive ticket prices. By integrating these strategies, the likelihood of the firm attaining its profit goals will be increased. This is due to the fact that the firm will attract and maintain a large number of customers. Hedging will enable Dnata to compete on the basis of fair ticket prices. As a result, the firm will be able to appeal to a large number of potential customers. Upon integrating the above strategies, it is fundamental for the firm to conduct a continuous review of its performance. Reference List Emirates Group: Financial report. (2012). Web. Index Mundi: Crude oil. (2013). Web. Maxwell, J. (2005). Qualitative research design: an interactive approach. New Jersey: Sage Publication.

Autism 2

Autism 2 Essay There are many diseases and disorders that plague todays society, but one of the most serious of those disorders is autism. Autism is not nearly as widely known as the familiar Downs Syndrome, yet, surprisingly, autism is far more widespread. In fact, autism is the third most common developmental disability, affecting 400,000 people worldwide (Autism Society of America). As of yet there is no cure for this debilitating disorder, only a variety of treatments. Autism is a developmental disability, not a mental illness, that typically appears during the first three years of life and affects 15 of every 10,000 individuals. No one is certain why it occurs, but researchers have found that MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scans of people with autism show abnormalities in the structure of the brain. Significant abnormalities include differences in the cerebellum and in the size and number of Purkinje cells within the brain. Sometimes there is a pattern that exists within families from generation to generation. This indicates the possibility that autism is genetically related. However, no gene has been found. Every person with autism is different and there is no set type or typical person with autism. This is because autism is a spectrum disorder, meaning that symptoms and characteristics of the disorder can present themselves in a variety of ways, from mild to severe. Usually children with autism have deficiencies in both verbal and non-verbal communication. Their language develops slowly or not at all and they have very short attention spans. They often lack social skills and will spend time alone, rather than with others. In more severe cases, children have unusual reactions to physical sensations such as being overly sensitive to touch or under responsive to pain. Most commonly, children with autism lack imagination and imitate others ideas, rather than initiate their own. Lastly, behavior is greatly affected by autism. They may be overactive or very passive and throw frequent tantrums, injuring themselves, for no apparent reason other than to gather attention. They often lack common sense and show aggressive or violent behavior. While some people only show one or two symptoms, others have all or nearly all and find it extremely difficult to function in society. People with autism do live normal life spans and the behaviors associated may change or disappear over time. As of yet, there is no cure for autism. However, with the proper treatment, many of the behaviors can be positively changed. Some of the treatments include behavioral training, teaching of communication and social skills, auditory training, medications, and a change in diet. Behavioral training or modification, as it is also called, deals with changing or extinguishing inappropriate behaviors and increasing positive behaviors. A few methods are used to do this. One way is self-management where the individual monitors their behavior and receives self-reinforcement. Another method used is modeling. This is when the teacher or therapist demonstrates what is being done so the child can model the steps. Behavioral training is effective in stopping self-inflicted pain by shaping and distributing positive reinforcement. The teaching of communication and social skills is an integral part of treating autism. Speech therapy may include gaining language skills or learning sign language. Some devices are used frequently such as picture communication boards. Another device is used with a trained professional supporting the hand or arm of the person helping them to punch keys on a device. This technique, called facilitated communication, is highly controversial because it is sometimes thought that the facilitator is directing the persons arm unknowingly. One of the main characteristics of autism is the lack of understanding of social cues (Autism Society of America). The person with autism may be taught how to communicate in social situations or respond to certain facial expressions and emotions. If the emphasis is on social communication, a speech therapist will work closely with the child to ensure proper communication in social situations. Auditory training is sometimes used for those individuals who are oversensitive to sound. An audiologist plays a different variety of sound frequencies in this therapy. Food allergies and sensitivities have been shown to produce a variety of symptoms associated with autism .

Assessment of Global Business Environment Essay

Assessment of Global Business Environment - Essay Example The ways in which individuals and companies interact with one another have been altered significantly. One of the most noteworthy changes is in the aspect of speed with which people can interact with one another in the modern world. Communication methods have improved vastly over the last century and this has forced business organizations to reframe their means and purposes of communication with their employees, customers and other stakeholders. Advancement in technology has allowed the companies to reduce gaps in communication with their overseas markets. In the present business platform, companies are making efforts to move ahead of their services offered domestically and are striving to enter into new markets, particularly in the developing countries. High rate of technological development has helped participants in the global market to access these technological knowhow at a cheaper rate. Information flows across the geographical boundaries with greater speed and accuracy and rea ches a larger population within a short period of time. Telecommunication technology plays an important role in this context. Globalization has cast a significant impact on the telecommunications industry and is in turn driving further improvements in the telecommunications technology. Changes in telecommunications industry due to globalization The telecommunications industry is changing rapidly under the influence of globalization. New state-of-the art technology and modern innovations have brought significant changes in the international as well as the domestic market of the United Kingdom. These radical changes in the global telecommunications industry are critical to the success of the firm. Several technological and political developments are currently occurring in this industry. The most distinctly recognizable changes are: Figure 1: Impacts of globalization (Source: Author’s creation) Deregulation of the telecommunications sector The telecommunications industry has a l ong history of its journey since 1884. With the ground breaking invention of telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1884, the telephone came into existence. However, it has come into common use several decades after this invention. The telecommunications industry gained a worldwide importance in the first three decades of the twentieth century. By the 1930s, this industry became stable and the telecommunication service providers became an important aspect for the international trade and commerce as well as for the defence sector. During this period the telecommunication sector was under the regulation of the national governments. However, as a result of globalization, liberalization policies were sweeping across the nations and its impact also touched the telecommunication industry (Bartle, 2005). In the mid 1950s, the United States of America (USA) first deregulated its telecommunications market. This set the example for the other countries to follow this path. Following the USA, co untries in the Europe also began to deregulate the telecommunica

The African Art Influence on Pablo Picassos Work Research Paper

The African Art Influence on Pablo Picassos Work - Research Paper Example The paper "The African Art Influence on Pablo Picasso’s Work" discusses the ways in which African art influenced the art of Pablo Picasso. It also provides examples of his artworks to support this idea. His most famous work of art was the "Les Demoiselles d' Avignon"1907 that portrayed the proto cubist as part of the movement that he had cofounded with Georges Braque. His paintings were astounding pieces of art as he demonstrated his prowess at an early age. The paintings he did carried with them the realistic aspect during his adolescent years. While in Paris, he revolutionized his tact by incepting art expressions by African artists. Picasso described artifacts from Africa as forms that did not represent ideas that existed in the natural world. For him, this was the beginning of an untainted carrier as his works stood above those of his rival artists. His style was unique, as he became one of the first artists not to draw influence from the western art. Remarkably, he became the pioneer of the new aesthetic form of communicative art that dwelled on expressions and ideas from Africa. In essence, the European Scramble for Africa aided the growth of African art in France. Traditional art found its way to France through the travels of the Frenchmen across its vast territory as part of their expeditions. Essentially, Pablo first encountered traditional African art at the Musee d’ Ethnographie, which was a museum in central Paris that interred antiques from the African continent. To other scholars and artists, this form of art was primitive2 as the continent had not yet experienced any form westernization. Ironically, Matisse, a French artist also influenced Picasso to majoring in to African art. During one of the dinners at their friend Getrude Stein, Matisse showed Picasso a Congolese piece that he had purchased from a supplier of African artifacts who went by the name Emile Heymann3. Picasso could not have enough of the piece that evening, and even tually it led him into making apiece inspired by the artwork he had seen. Les Demoiselles d ’Avignon Les Demoiselles d ’Avignon became a painting that a French critic viewed as one which had erupted from an ever-blazing fire. For instance, the fire that the critic referred to was the constant artistic battle between Matisse and Picasso. By doing the painting, Picasso tried proved to prove to the world that he was better than Matisse was. It was a reply to Matisse’s painting Le Bonheur de Vivre which he unveiled during an exhibition for the emerging artists. During the exhibition, the spotlight was on him because of the Le Bonheur de Vivre enormous piece that had captured the entire audience. This stirred up emotions in Picasso’s mind as Matisse’s painting had utilized color and form to create an incredible blend of the two concepts. As a result, Picasso did Les Demoiselles d ’Avignon as a counter attack to Matisse. The Les Demoiselles d â₠¬â„¢Avignon painting involved two stages to complete it. The first stage had the original concept of women at a Barcelonan brothel that which he had visited. The second stage of doing this painting drew inspiration from his visit to the Trocadero museum of African art, which totally revolutionized the idea. He opted to use masklike faces that synchronized with a two dimensional plane instead of the initial attractive females who were nude. The Bakota people from Gabon inspired the figures while the Dan4 people from Ivory Coast

Death into the Wild Essay Example for Free

Death into the Wild Essay Into the Wild was Jon Krakauer’s best selling non-fiction novel about the adventures of Christopher McCandless. In essence it was an expansion of his earlier work entitled â€Å"Death of an Innocent† which appeared in the January 1993 issue of Outside. The novel chronicles the experiences of Chris McCandless, the 24-year-old nature enthusiast who left his suburban Washington, D. C. , home in 1992 for a wilderness trek through Alaskas backcountry. Equipped with a 10-pound bag of rice, a small-caliber rifle, and not much else, McCandless fashioned himself into a modern-day American Adam determined to explore the nations Last Frontier. The excursion, however, came to an abrupt end four months later with McCandless’ emaciated corpse discovered in an abandoned school bus not far from the boundaries of Denali National Park. Into the Wild presents Krakauers account as to what drove McCandless to such a fate. Between the time of its appearance in 1993 to its publication as a book in 1996, Krakauers story elicited numerous responses, including many from Alaska residents who derided the author for glorifying what they saw as nothing more than a young mans folly. For these readers, McCandless represented just another ill-advised individual who ventured unprepared into dangerous country in the hope of discovering answers to his life, which was merely met by mosquitoes and a lonely death (72). As I reckon such a perspective fails to account for the significance of Krakauer’s novel within the genre of narrative non-fiction. In lieu of this, what follows is an explication of the role of Krakauer’s methodology in the process of explicating the story of McCandless into the wild. Narrative non-fiction takes the form of a documentary as far as it opts to elucidate the objective conditions underlying the formation of a particular situation. A literary work within the genre of narrative non-fiction may thereby be understood as a â€Å"creative treatment of actuality† (Carroll 154). The aforementioned notion works on the assumption that literature may be able to shape reality creatively through the introduction of an artistic dimension within a literary piece. Such a dimension however, which necessitates the introduction of an aesthetic aspect within the text contradicts the foundations of works of non-fiction which involves the maintenance of objectivity within the text. Objectivity in this sense is assessed through the author’s general appraisal of the events presented within the text. In that sense, objectivity takes the epistemological form of objectivity wherein it understood as objectivity in judgment. Such a form of objectivity is maintained within works of non-fiction since such works are understood as the author’s account of an event. To understand a work as an account enables the application of fluidity upon the work since it is presented as open to interpretation as well knowledge and truth coercion. Such a process of truth coercion may be seen in Krakauer’s narrative of McCandless’ journey into the wild. Into the Wild begins with a narrative exposition wherein the reader is introduced to the major characters of the story along with the necessary background information needed to contextualize the discovery of McCandless’ corpse. The beginning of Krakauer’s Into the Wild thereby is highly similar to the expository beginning of a novel. Such a beginning enables the skillful orchestration of a preconceived conception of McCandless’ story. It enables the conception of McCandless as an individual who ventured for the discovery of his self through the discovery of a presumed unknown territory. Krakauer’s work thereby functions as a vehicle for the reader’s discovery of McCandless journey towards himself. Such a journey was enabled by the collage of various materials that enabled the factual retelling of McCandless’ life up to the point of his demise. The process of contextualization mentioned above was made possible by using materials from interviews as well as McCandless’ journal along with photographs, letters, and other secondary research materials that enabled the explication of the conditions as to McCandless’ adventures. The use of these varied materials enabled the book to be a moving literary piece formulated through the combination of journalistic, historical, nature and travel writing, as well as memoir writing. It should be noted that these materials as well as the formation of the collage of the aforementioned materials were constructed by the author. Into the Wild thereby presents us with Krakauer’s account of the events. As I reckon, it is the construction of the narrative as well as Krakauer’s presentation of the account, which serves as his take into the events that governed McCandless’ existence. Other individual’s perceived McCandless’ act as an act of folly however, Kraukaeur presented it in such a manner that it focused on the adventure and drama, which he perceives as intrinsic to the act of finding or discovering one’s self. Within the book, he represented McCandless as an extraordinary individual whose existence was governed by courage and skill evident in his demonstration of McCandless’ desire to survive within an unchartered territory. Kraukauer’s analysis of the risks examined as well as the narrative structure of text presented Krakauer’s judgments as to the life that McCandless led. Works Cited Carroll, Noel. â€Å"Fiction, Non-Fiction, and the Film of Presumptive Assertion: A Conceptual Analysis. † Philosophy of Film and Motion Picture: An Anthology. Eds. Noel Carroll and Jinhee Choi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2006. Krakauer, Jon. Into the Wild. New York: Villard, 1996.

Child Soldiers in Turkey Essay -- Child Soldiers

It is internationally accepted that all nations abide by the rules set forth by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child that, "State parties shall take all feasible measures to ensure that persons who have not attained the age of 15 years do not take a direct part in hostilities." Individuals aged 15 to 18 may enroll in the army if they choose so and with parental consent. After the child turns 18 he/she may be drafted to the army if the country so chooses. The Turkish government is in total agreement and acceptance of these laws. According to Turkish law, the enforced enrollment age for the army is 19 and the voluntary enrollment age is 18. According to the Turkish Constitution, National Defense Service Law 3634 states, â€Å"in cases of general or partial mobilization and in preparation of mobilization under a state of emergency, children under the age of 15 ... shall not be held liable†. The Turkish Constitution allows the abeyance of the soldiers freedom and liberty and other extreme measures. With a minimum entrance age of 15 years, admission to military high schools is voluntary, but requires parental consent. In total compliance with the human rights laws, Turkey hopes to see an improvement with groups, gangs, and countries that do not follow the laws set forth by the UN. As of now, there is an independent ethnic coalition in the Southeastern section of Turkey named the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK.) The PKK is a formation of Marxist-Leninist fo...

Antigone Aristotle

Samaritan Albert Mr.. Jordan Antigen Fear/ Pity Fear and Pity Shown In Antigen The Greek Philosopher Aristotle defined tragedy as a form of drama that evokes fear and pity in the audience. The tragic play Antigen conflicts that definition because although pity Is evoked throughout the play, modern audiences have difficulty experiencing fear because they fail to acknowledge the role fate plays In their everyday lives. At the end of the play pity can be felt towards Croon because his wife and son died and It was his fault.When Croon finds out they died he exclaims, â€Å"Oh pity! All true, and more than I can bear. Oh my wife, my son† (109-111). Both Creek and modern audiences can relate to the pain, sense of loss, even guilt felt when a loved one dies. Pity could be evoked in either audience through this relation. Although pity can be felt for Croon by either audience, modern audiences have a hard time experiencing fear while reading Antigen. When Croon realizes his downfall ha d come, he says, â€Å"Whatever my hands have touched has come to nothing.Fate has brought all my pride to a thought of dust† (137-138) The mention of fate causing the ruin of a rueful man would have caused fear in Greek audiences because they realized the role fate played in their lives and that everyone is destined to a certain fate that is uncontrollable. Modern audiences often feel as though they can control their own fate, which is why they often have trouble realizing the fear any tragedy is supposed to evoke in them. Pity can be felt for Antigen when Screen's men found Policies body and took Antigen to Croon.When the sentry takes Antigen back to Croon he says, â€Å"Just so, when this girl found the bare corpse, and all her love's work wasted. She wept, and cried on heaven to damn the hands that had done this thing. And then she brought more dust and sprinkled wine three times for her brother's ghost† (38-42). This can absolutely cause any audience to feel pity for Antigen because she put her family over the state, knowing she could get in trouble, and because she does get In trouble, pity Is elicited in either audience.Pity could also be felt for her because she burled her brother and it was ruined. Despite the fact that pity can certainly be felt for Antigen by both modern and Greek audiences alike, fear for her cannot necessarily be felt by modern audiences. Near the end of the play Antigen says, â€Å"You would think that we had already suffered enough for the curse on Oedipus: I cannot Imagine any grief that you and I have not gone through†(2-5) This would evoke fear In a Greek audience because they believed more In curses and fate than a modern audience would.Greek audiences would feel fear for Antigen because they believe that the curse of Oedipus would lead to her demise. Modern audiences believe less n curses and fate than a Greek audience would so they would not feel the same fear a Greek audience would feel while reading Antigen. Hansom's situation could evoke pity throughout modern and Greek audiences because he fought to save his arms about her waist, lamenting her, his love lost underground, crying out that his father had stolen her away from him† (6(:)-63) Either audience could relate to the feelings Hammond is experiencing.Even if they can't relate exactly, they still feel sorrow for him because he is obviously very upset. While Hammond evokes plenty of pity throughout the play, he does not evoke fear into the audience. Fear might be evoked into a Greek audience when Croon says to Hammond, â€Å"Let her find her husband in hell. Of all the people in this city, only she has contempt for my law and broken into it. Do you want me to show myself weak before the people?Or break my sworn word? No, and I will not. The women dies† (23-28) This may have evoked fear in Greek audiences because Croon is getting angry and refuses to let Antigen live. This would concern a Greek audience more tha n modern audiences because the curse of Oedipus would cause Antigen to die anyway, and Greek audiences would acknowledge that her death would be the fate predestined because of the curse.Modern audiences would not acknowledge that her fate would be the cause of her death due to the curse and that Screen's decision sealed her fate, so they wouldn't feel fear. In summary, Aristotle definition would be correct for the Greek audiences of his time, but not for modern audiences. While Antigen evokes pity in either audience, it does not elicit fear into modern audiences because of their lack of acknowledging the role fate plays in their lives.

ADHD Medications Essay

With the tremendous increase in ADHD diagnosis, altercations have been emerging about whether or not ADHD medications are being overprescribed. Many people feel as though ADHD medications are needed for the condition, but are doctors just â€Å"handing† them out? Medications may be necessary depending on how severe the case is, but some people take advantage of it. As a community, we need to limit the amount of ADHD medications being prescribed by doctors. ADHD medications have been praised drastically for the enhancement of mental performance that is shown. People who have a more severe case of ADHD are generally more motivated to do things once they are put on the medication. â€Å"Some two-thirds of all children currently diagnosed with the condition receive prescriptions for stimulants such as Ritalin and Adderall, which have been linked to addiction and psychosis† (Swaine). The effects of ADHD medication vary depending on how large or small the dosage is. â€Å"There’s a very small difference between the right dose and too little or too much medication, so resist the temptation to experiment on your own† (Adult ADD/ADHD). The medication will keep one focused on a task without getting distracted as easily. See more: Distinguish between problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping Essay With ADHD medication, tasks can be completed a lot faster than usual because of the extra focus the medication pushes on someone. â€Å"Research by the Centers for Disease Control also found that more than one in ten school-age children in the US has now received an ADHD diagnosis, amid a sharp rise in reported instances of the condition†(Swaine). Although ADHD medications have positive effects, it also has negative effects. These medications can cause slowing of growth, not  only physically but mentally too. The mind may not develop as well as it usually would. Another negative effect is impaired judgment. This usually occurs when someone is unable to make correct and or right choices in real-life decisions. ADHD medications can control mood swings, but can also cause someone to be more irritable. Emotions can be controlled by ADHD medications, but can also influence someone to act out. Generally, the effects of the medications can help one control the urge to blurt out. This makes it easier to think and process words before actually saying them. â€Å"In fact, there are many signs that your medication is working. They include being better able to pay attention†¦ tending to think before you speak instead of blurting things out†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Adult ADD/ADHD). The sudden urge of kindness can make it so much easier to make and or keep friends. The way our minds think causes us to say things we don’t necessarily mean. This will begin to push people away from one another. Although medication can control many things related to emotional effects, it can also add on negative effects. The use of ADHD medication can cause one to become very irritable towards family and friends. â€Å"The majority of adults who take stimulants experience rebound effects of moodiness, irritability, and restlessness as the level of medication in their bloodstream decreases† (Adult ADD/ADHD). Irritability can then lead to a negative personality change. â€Å"If you’re normally sunny and upbeat and you suddenly become all doom and gloom, it may be time to switch to another medication† (Adult ADD/ADHD). These medications can affect the hyperactivity of an individual not only positively but also negatively. Hyperactivity within individuals who suffer from the condition can generally change, depending on the case. If one is diagnosed wrongly, there is a possibility that the hyperactivity of an individual can increase. In these cases, ADHD is mistaken for immaturity. Some people just never grow up and the immaturity rate they have makes it look like they have a hyperactivity condition. â€Å"Some 6.4 million American children aged between 4 and 17 have received an ADHD diagnosis at some point in their lives, the US government scientists found† (Swaine). Not all individuals diagnosed have the actual condition, but rather act as if the medication is a necessity for everyday  life. â€Å"Dr. Graf said that it was now clear that American parents were encouraging the medication of their children merely to enhance their mental performance rather than to cure an illness† (Swaine). The effects of ADHD medication can be very beneficial. Generally, one who actually has the condition can be less disruptive if they are put on the right medication. An individual can also be less distracted with the use of ADHD medication. Being less distracted and less disruptive can make it easier to get certain tasks completed. The use of ADHD medications continue to increase throughout the years. As a community, we must limit the intake of these medications. We need to be stricter on the behavior of individuals, but we need to decrease the amount of prescriptions being used for the condition. Looking at the positive and negative effects of these medications may cause people to stop taking the medications prescribed by doctors. Works Cited â€Å"Adult ADD / ADHD.† _Positive and Negative Effects of Medication_. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. . Swaine, Jon. â€Å"Fears American Children Are Being Over-medicated as ADHD Rates Soar.† _The Telegraph_. Telegraph Media Group, 02 Apr. 2013. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. .

Virtual Lesson Course Design and Teaching Online

Virtual Lesson Course Design and Teaching Online Introduction Teaching career is one of those where people have to improve their quality often considering the requirements and standards set by the government. It is not always easy to create a unit according to which students are free to match their skills, knowledge, and interests with the activities promoted at classrooms (Beatly National Research Council, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Virtual Lesson Course Design and Teaching Online specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this paper, a K-12 content standard for social studies in high schools of California will be taken into consideration to encourage the best achievements for each student. What has to be done is a clear definition of student’s skills, knowledge, and concepts and apply them accordingly at the required Grade Ten. The project aims at outlining a week-long unit that is based on the Internet technologies’ use and direct partic ipation of the instructor in the vast majority of students’ activities. The point is that students come to the courses with absolutely various levels of background knowledge (DiGiano, Goldman, Chorost, 2008), and it seems to be rather challenging to consider all needs and requirements under the same conditions. This is why a unit has to be developed taken into account a number of factors such as student interests and skills, instructor’s attitude, available technologies, and timing frames. Week-Long Unit Explanation The outline of the unit under analysis is rather simple and clear to the instructor as well as to the students. Unit Title: World History through the Internet Unit purpose: To help students study better the world history and focus on the events which took place between the 18th and 21st centuries including the two World Wars and American experience in country’s improvement and stabilization. The students will learn how to use the Internet sources to find more captivating details about the topic.Advertising Looking for assessment on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Unit Subject: Social Science and History Grade: 10 Time: 50 minutes each day (one week-long unit) Unit Peculiarities: History-Social Science Content Standards for California schools for the Tenth Grade are taken into considered; Students focus on the analysis of the historical events, abilities to participate in discussions, explanation, descriptions, etc. Outline Related to the Standard Relation of ethical issues to the development of the Western political ideas Comparison of revolutions in different countries; Analysis of the effects of Industrial Revolution in the USA, France, England, etc. Evaluation of the global changes in several countries; The First World War causes and effects: analysis; Investigations concerning the World War Second; Attention to the nation-building process in t he world; Research of the countries’ integrations and the development of technologies; Evaluation of the achievements observed during the course. Unit Structure The peculiar feature of the chosen unit structure is that it involves students in a variety of activities at the same time. As soon as the instructor introduces each member of the group (Boettcher Conrad, 2010), he/she offers new material, makes students get involved into searching activities, and promotes students’ participation in discussions which are based on the information found. It is not for the instructor to inform student but what is more important is to make students believe that different technologies are appropriate for improving students’ knowledge.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Virtual Lesson Course Design and Teaching Online specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The instructor offers a number of assignments which have to be performed in groups that also promotes the idea of competition and the desire to demonstrate better skills in searching, cooperating, and discussing (Ko Rossen, 2010). Students have to be encourage to develop into the offered learning environment and introduce the strategies which are more effective under the created conditions. The main advantage of the unit structure is that flexibility in thinking is appreciated. Video or audio conferencing (Dawley, 2007) are chosen as the main means of communication, still, chat are also appropriate for the chosen unit. Lesson Outlines As a rule, the outlines of the online lessons have to be similar so that the students as well as the instructor do not spend much time of learning the peculiarities of the new form of education. Students have to learn one particular way of how the material is offered and the discussions are organized to focus deeper on the content of the lesson but not on its structure. The example of the outline given bel ow must be implemented to all the lessons of the particular unit. Students are provided with the topic for discussion and the reasons of why the chosen theme is interesting and important in education; Students get the worksheets on the basis of which the lesson will be developed; Students share their background knowledge and their wishes concerning what kind of knowledge may be gained; The instructor offers the list of readings which are required and encourages students to make use of various Internet sources which are appropriate for the course; Discussions take place as soon as the task is given; however, the discussions are based on the material given the day before so that the students are able to prepare; The instructor may improve the discussions to promote better understanding of the topic; Students have to share their opinions about the theme discussed and the methods used to disclose the topic; The instructor should conclude the achievements of the discussion and the skill s gained by the students (lesson assessment is required); Possible improvements for future. One Fully Developed Lesson In this part of the paper, one lesson will be fully developed to explain the techniques and approaches which have to be used by the instructor. There are three main aspects which should be taken into consideration: content of the lesson, student interest, and possibilities. The description of the second lesson in a weak devoted to the Industrial Revolution will be offered. Lesson Objectives To understand the importance of the Industrial Revolution; To promote the use of different sources of information to gather the necessary material for discussions. Requirements Internet access; Pencils and paper for students to make notes; Web cameras for videoconferencing; Online books and notes. Evaluation of skills What do students know about the Industrial Revolution? What do students want to know about the chosen topic? What methods do students prefer to search for the material? Lesson Plan The lesson begins with the discussion of the topic and the necessity to learn it. The Industrial Revolution in the middle of the 18th century changes the world in a variety of ways (Ross, 2008), and the students should know more about this period of time to know which methods were used and which outcomes were expected. Students have to be involved into the discussion: the instructor admits that in the middle of the 18th century, children did not find it necessary to visit schools and get appropriate education (Pierce, 2005), and students have to give as many reasons as possible for why such neglecting of education took place. Students are divided into the groups and discuss different spheres of life which underwent certain changes due to the Industrial Revolution. Pros and cons of the revolution are identified as well as the emergence of capitalism is considered as a dominant issue in the middle of the 18th century (â€Å"History-Social Science Content Stan dards for California Public Schools†, 2000). Students share their personal opinions about the role of the Industrial Revolution: it is not enough to introduce some general facts which are well-known, what students have to do is to prove that the revolution influenced human life and the ways of how people could develop business in different countries. Video conferencing takes place to ask questions, give answers, develop the theme under analysis, and improve personal knowledge about the Industrial Revolution in different countries. It is a luck in case the class consists of the students from different countries so that they can share their personal ideas and the impact of the revolution of their countries. The instructor offers the lesson assessment within the frames of which students are free to demonstrate the level of gained knowledge. Students are assigned to create PowerPoint presentations disclosing one of the aspects of the revolution. Students evaluate their achievement s by means of audio conferencing with the tutor and discuss the improvements which are required. Media/ Technologies Used in the Project The success of the virtual course depends on the properly chosen technologies and media sources with the help of which the communication between the instructor and students may be developed. Communication systems serve as the most frequently used media that promotes the learning process implementation. Within a short period of time, media becomes a dominant factor in learning online (Anderson, 2008). Microsoft Office, Media Player, and Adobe Reader are the main programs which have to be available for the students so that they can easily read the instructions sent and perform their tasks accordingly. Skype is the program that may help to develop video and audio conferences any time for free.Advertising Looking for assessment on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The only point that has to be discussed at the beginning of the course is the technologies which may be used. If the vast majority of students as well as the instructor support the idea of Skype and some discussion boards, all the students have to use the same media. Web 2.0. Technology Web 2.0 is one of the newest propositions for the Internet users to improve their online communication and writing. As a rule, this technology supports numerous blogs, wikis, and social networking by means of which people are free to talk to each other (Solomon Schrum, 2007). In the course under analysis, the Web 2.0 technology such as wikis is offered to be used. Wikis are appropriate for a number of projects which promote several people to write, create, or revise in one team. With the help of this technology, it is possible to observe the recent changes and contribute the development of the topic. Under the chosen technology, the instructor creates a task and allows students answering the questio ns and developing the topic. Wikis do not take much place on computers and it is easy to understand how to use its services. The students should spend several minutes to learn the main aspects of the program and start using it. Pedagogical Approaches and Their Justification The chosen online learning process may be considerably improved by properly chosen pedagogical approaches. Some of them are given below: Behavioral perspective aims at developing appropriate skills of students to achieve the necessary behavioral outcomes. Students should understand that some form of control is required for the chosen form of education, and the instructor has to introduce it. The justification of this approach lies into the fact that even online learning has to correspond to certain norms, rules, and standards. And this approach as nothing else helps the instructor to choose the most effective ways of organizing student work online. Instructional perspective helps the instructor to organize the activities for the whole group: each step has to be properly weighted and each idea has to be justified. This approach is justified due to the required order of steps taken. A person has to understand the logic of personal activities and explain the necessary order to the students, and the peculiarities of the chosen approach will help to take the right direction. Social constructivism is the final approach to be used in pedagogy that promotes the development of the required learning environment and students’ participation in discussions. The peculiar feature of this approach is that online learning is based on numerous technologies and media. The offered approach will show the right way of how to organize online communication between the students who participate in discussion. Unit Assessment There are several methods of how unit assessment may be organized. One of the most frequently used is writing essays. The instructor asks to create a project that will help to under stand how successful each student in learning the new material and using the technologies offered. The chosen content of the unit is easy to combine with the media used. It is possible to discuss a certain historic even studied and evaluate the conditions under which the material was learnt. Online quizzes and some questions may also attract students’ attention. The following example of the quiz is possible to organize by means of the available Web 2.0 technology. The instructor creates a question and points out the name who has to answer it; then, the student who answers the question creates a new question on the same topic and asks another student to answer it. As soon as all students and the instructor participate in the quiz, they have to evaluate each question and answer and give the points. A person who gets more points gets a high grade and may omit other types of assessment. Such activity will promote the development of students’ imagination and the desire to d o their best. Finally, the students are questioned about the quality of the course offered and the ideas of how further courses may be improved. It is very important to consider students’ opinions in order to provide them with the best ideas, material, and knowledge. Conclusion In general, the success of the evaluated unit is predetermined by a variety of factors. The point is that both the instructor and the students have to be involved into the learning process. The way of how the instructor organizes students’ activities and the ideas offered by the students during the discussions determine the level of the course success. This is why it is useless to find the main person who is responsible for the course organization but try to choose the best activities to introduce an interesting and educative unit. Reference List Anderson, T. (2008). The theory and practice of online learning. Edmonton: Athabasca University Press. Beatly, A. National Research Council. (2008). A ssessing the role of K-12 academic standards in states: Workshop summary. Washington: National Academies Press. Boettcher, J.V. Conrad, R.M. (2010). The online teaching survival guide: Simple and practical pedagogical tips. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons. Dawley, L. (2007). The tools for successful online teaching. Hershey: Idea Group Inc. DiGiano, C., Goldman, S.V., Chorost, M. (2008). Educating learning technologies designers: Guiding and inspiring creators of innovative educational tools. New York: Taylor Francis. â€Å"History-social science content standards for California public schools, kindergarten through grade twelve.† (2000). California State Board of Education. Retrieved from https://www.cde.ca.gov/be/st/ss/documents/histsocscistnd.pdf. Ko, S. Rossen, S. (2010). Teaching online: A practical guide. New York: Taylor Francis. Pierce, A. (2005). The Industrial Revolution. Edina: ABDO. Ross, S. (2008). The Industrial Revolution. London: Evans Brothers. Solomon, G. Schrum, L. (2007). Web 2.0.: New tools, new schools. Suite: ISTE.

MSc International Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

MSc International Marketing Management - Essay Example ise has two--and only these two--basic functions: marketing and innovation." Chadwick (1998) predicted that marketing research would evolve from the role of merely providing ‘market and opinion research’ to a more vital function of furnishing a company’s tactical data, consultation, and communication with clients. Marketing research is a superior management technique that collects and analyses customer requirements and desires within the marketplace in an effort to ascertain how to satisfy them. Higgins (2008) defines marketing research as, â€Å"all techniques used to provide information that assists the firm in all of its decision-making processes relevant to customers or clients† (Higgins 4). Marketing research is one of the main branches of marketing which the American Marketing Association (2007) describes it as, "the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large."(AMA 1). AMA characterizes marketing research as ‘the systematic gathering, recording, and analyzing of data about problems relating to the marketing of goods and services.’ Kumar (2000), classifies international market research as â€Å"market research conducted either sim ultaneously or sequentially to facilitate marketing decisions in more than one country† (Kumar, 2000 p2). An exceptional export market research therefore involves collecting appropriate market information that enhances the export decisions to be undertaken. This includes unearthing the economic, socio-political and cultural factors that either encourage or hinder market penetration in the foreign market. Comprehensive market research assist the corporation correctly decide on, the fragmentation, zero in or position their merchandise in a foreign market appropriately. Market research consequently embraces the creation of goals, collecting information, analyzing and disseminating the

I'll attach it Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

I'll attach it - Essay Example Moreover, the interviewee should know the responsibilities of the person in the post they are applying for. Such information can be obtained from the company’s website, and the job description in the post advertisement. Response to interview questions is critical. The best way to respond to questions is through the C.A.R strategy. The interviewee should describe the circumstance, actions taken and the result in details. This response shows deep understanding of concepts and increases the chances of the interviewee being hired. The response to general questions should be strategic. The fluency and ability to answer the general question is vital. The interviewers will want to know the strengths and weaknesses of the interviewee. They will also want the interviewee to explain what skills he/she will bring to the company if hired. It is important to prepare for such questions. The response should fit the requirements of that specific job. The appearance of the interviewee has a great impact on how well the interview goes. It is appropriate for men to dress in 3 piece suits or a shirt and a tie. The belt color should match the color of the shoes. Wearing minimal jewelry for both men and women is recommended to attain an official look. For women, it is highly recommended to wear a two piece suit. The skirt length should be below the knee, and the blouse should be conservative. Closed official shoes are more presentable during interviews. There are various types of interviews, the most common forms of interviews are telephone, video, face-to-face, panel, behavioral and case studies. When responding to a phone interview, it is recommended that the interviewee should use a landline. The interviewee should wear headphone in video and telephone interviews so that they can clearly hear and understand the questions. Most interviewers offer duration of one minute for